About pj

Now (mostly) retired, I'm pursing electronics and computing just for the fun of it! I'm a computer scientist and engineer who has worked for AMD, Hewlett Packard and Siemens. I also taught hardware and software development at Case Western Reserve University, Tufts University and Princeton. Hopefully, you will find the information on this site to be helpful. Educators and students are particularly welcome!

MODX Theatre Orchestra

Today’s project is reconstructing one of my favorite voices stolen from Genos/PSR: TheatreOrchestra. This voice first appeared in Tyros 3, using waveforms that are roughly contemporaneous with Motif XS (MOX).

The following table summarizes the eight voice elements in TheatreOrchestra. The voice parameters are pulled from the Genos UVF file for the voice.

Element  Low  High Low  High    Vol  Shift  Waveform
-------  ---  ---- ---  ----  -----  -----  -----------------------
   0      C3   G8    1   127   -7.9      0  Flute2 Soft St L (5623)
   1      C3   G8    1   127   -9.8     12  Flute2 Soft St L (5623)
   2      C3   G8    1   127  -12.0      0  [Flute] (4951)
   3     C-2  F#3    1   127   -3.0    -12  Bassoon Hard (5626)
   4      E3   G8    1   127   -6.0    -12  Oboe2 Med V3 (5627)
   5      C5   G8    1   127  -21.4     24  [Glocken] (5124)
   6     C-2   G8    1    68   -9.0      0  p (5248)
   7     C-2   G8   69   127   -9.0      0  f (5249)

The volume (element levels) look a little bit curious and I conjecture that element levels are set relative to 0dB. We’ll need to convert these levels to the range [0:127] with 127 corresponding to 0dB. Naturally, we’ll let our ears be the ultimate judge.

The overall sound is dominated by the woodwinds: 3 flute elements, bassoon and oboe. The bassoon and oboe are transposed down one octave. This imparts a unique reedy character to the sound. However, the lower notes (left hand) get somewhat murky, so in the final voice, I leave the bassoon and oboe in their natural ranges to either side of middle C (approximately).

The string component is not strongly stated. Any old string ensemble would do. The waveform names in the UVF files are not super informative although I suspect use of the OrchStrgs waveforms which were introduced in Tyros 3 and Motif XS.

The glockenspiel adds a nice chime to the high end. The glock always sounds in the original Genos/PSR voice, becoming rather tiresome after a while. I prefer to switch the glock in and out. Also, piccolo is a good alternative, again, being switched in and out.

The next table summarized the eight voice elements in Theatre, a similar voice that I constructed for the MOX6.

Element   Low  High Low  High  Level  Shift  Waveform
-------  ----  ---- ---  ----  -----  -----  ----------------
   1       C2   G8    1   127     90      0  Flute2 Soft St
   2       C2   G8    1   127     80     12  Flute2 Med St
   3       C3   G8    1   127     40    -12  Flute Non-Vib Of
   4      C-2   B2    1   127    100      0  Contrabass R
   5       C3   G8    1   127     50      0  Solo Combi St
   6       C3   G8    1   127     80     24  Glockenspiel  AF2
   7       B2   G8    1   127     65     24  Piccolo       AF1
   8      A#2   G8    1   127    100      0  Oboe 1

The piccolo and glockenspiel are controlled by the Assignable Function buttons AF1 and AF2, respectively. The corresponding element sounds when an AF1 and/or AF2 button is enabled (turned on).

Contrabass and the Motif XS/MOX string Solo Combi replace the string ensemble. The contrabass lends a nice bottom to hold down the bass. It should be played sparsely in the left hand (i.e., no close clusters).

Finally, here is the TheatreOrch voice for MODX. On MOX, I tended to work exclusively in voice mode. MODX is modeless and all programming is made in a Performance. Thus, on MODX, I comp’ed several Performances into a single TheatreOrch Performance, then tweaked the individual Parts. [Click images to enlarge.]

Although Performances are the first class citizens, I still dove into the Parts to make changes at the element level. The string Part is based on the Almighty Performance; I changed the waveforms to OrchStrgs Soft St and OrchStrgs Med St, splitting the patch into two velocity ranges: 1 to 68 and 69 to 127.

The new glockenspiel and piccolo waveforms are much better than Motif XS (MOX). The old glock sounded like a not very well cared for, used instrument bought in a pawn shop. The new glock rings nicely. A sweet alternative is the FM Glockenspiel. If I wasn’t such a traditionalist (!), I would have used it. Maybe in a future variation?

The flute Part (Part 1) is based on the 2 Flutes Performance. I employed older Performances for the oboe and bassoon, too. Since this voice is a blend, detailed isn’t too important and older, simpler voice programming doesn’t cut into polyphony as much as the newer detailed Performance. I prefer the new Performance for exposed solos when high quality is needed and polyphony is not likely to be an issue.

Instead of AF1 and AF2, I created four scenes. Scene 1 mutes both the glock and piccolo, Scene 2 enables the piccolo, Scene 3 enables the glock, and Scene 4 enables both the piccolo and glock. The MODX Scene buttons are close at hand and are an easy gesture away when making changes. The MODX assignable buttons, A.SW1 and A.SW2, are a longer reach.

As I work with MODX, I realize that I need to think more about building block Performances which can be combined (comp’ed) into bigger Performances. For example, it might have been better to start with 2 Oboes & Bassoon in one Part instead of separate oboe and bassoon in two Parts. Similarly, it might have been better to start with Wood Winds + Strings, which combines flutes and strings. By cutting two parts, I could have implemented the voice in four Parts, thereby making Seamless Sound Switching (SSS) possible. I may try this approach as a learning exercise.

Hope you enjoyed this brief dive into MODX Performance programming.

Copyright © 2018 Paul J. Drongowski

Bonus voice: Tutti

Let’s take a quick look at another interesting voice from arranger-land: Tutti. Tutti is a string and horn layer with Timpani in the left hand. High velocity left hand notes trigger a crash cymbal, too.

The following table summarizes the Genos voice programming.

El#  Low  High Low  High    Vol  Pan  Waveform
---  ---  ---- ---  ----  -----  ---  ------------------------
 0   C-2    G8   1   127  -25.9   -1  (4081)  Allegro Strings
 1   C-2    G8   1   127  -25.9    1  (4082)  Allegro Strings
 2   C-2    G8   1   127  -22.9    0  (4102)  French Horn
 3   C-2    F1   1   127  -14.6    0  (4222)  Timpani
 4   C-2    F1 106   127  -20.6    0  (4223)  Crash cymbal

I constructed a similar voice for MOX:

El#  Low  High Low  High    Vol  Pan  Waveform
---  ---  ---- ---  ----  -----  ---  -----------------------
 1   C-2   G8    1   127    105  L63  508  OrchStrgs Soft L
 2   C-2   G8    1   127    105  R63  511  OrchStrgs Soft R
 3   C-2   G8    1   127     90    0  621  French Horn St
 4   C-2   B1    1   127    127    0  137  Timpani Sw St        AF1 ON
 5   C-2   B1  106   127     85    0  2479 Hand Cymbal Open St  AF1 ON
 6   C-2   B2    1   127    101    0       Snare Drum           AF2 ON

     AF1 ON: Enable element 4 Timpani and element 5 Hand Cymbal
     AF2 ON: Enable element 6 Snare Drum

The timpani and hand cymbal are enabled when Assignable Function button 1 (AF1) is on. I added a snare drum hit which is enabled by AF2.

The screenshots below are a quick attempt to implement Tutti on MODX. I haven’t quite figured out the snare drum yet. First world problem: I love the Highland Snares kit and would like to use all of them!

Akai Professional MPK Mini Play

Compared to the Yamaha MODX, the Akai Professional MPK Mini Play is a piece of Halloween candy.

The MPK Mini Play is a tiny 2-octave keyboard with eight MPC drum pads, four knobs and a joystick. It’s battery powered (3 AA batteries). And get this, it has an internal sound engine (128 voices and 10 drum kits) and speaker. That smells like General MIDI and without further information, we’ll have to wait to hear what it’s got.

Digital connectivity is over USB and only audio headphone out (3.5mm jack) is provided. There is a 1/4″ sustain pedal jack, too.

$129 USD street (MAP).

This one is in “impulse buy” territory. Christmas stocking stuffer?

Kind of a shame that it doesn’t have an auxiliary audio input, too. It would make a nice companion for the Akai MPX8 Mobile SD Sample Player. Hmmm, I wonder how to MIDI this up?

Early information alleges Reason Lite in the bundle. Nothing official yet.

First demo video by GAK

Dream SAM2635 inside?

[Update] Two more unofficial videos popped up on Youtube. One video scrolls through the first several patches. Yep, the MPK Mini Play is the 128 sound General MIDI (GM) set.

The GM standard has only one drum set. The MPK Mini Play has ten sets. What’s up?

Well, the instrument abbreviations are the same as the Dream GMBK9764 sound set and drum kits. Many of you may not be familiar with Dream S.A.S France, but they are one of the few vendors (aside from Yamaha, Roland, Korg, etc.) who design and sell sample playback silicon. The GMBK9764 sound set has 128 GM sounds (plus variations), nine drum sets and one SFX set for a total of ten drum sets.

If we were to crack open the Akai MPK Mini Play, I expect we will find a Dream SAM2635 synthesizer (PDF) with the GMBK9764 CleanWave64® sound set (PDF) stored in a separate 8MByte ROM. If this is true, that’s good news for Akai MPK Mini Play users. They should be able to access the GM variation voices, alternative chorus/reverb effect types, and synthesis parameter control functions via MIDI (assuming that the Akai software isn’t stupidly filtering out certain MIDI messages).

The MIDIPLUS miniEngine is also Dream-based. If you own a miniEngine, you already know how the MPK Mini Play sounds.

Copyright © 2018 Paul J. Drongowski

MODX after the first gig

This weekend’s gig with MODX went reasonably well. Among the patches that I tried live, there were many hits and a few misses. Inevitably, there are misses. Some patches sound great at home, but just don’t quite cut it when playing with a painist and/or guitarist.

I’ve been editing and A/B testing my own patches, comparing MODX versions versus the MOX6 versions that are tried and tested. For example, I spent 3 hours tweaking my bread and butter B-3 patch, eventually ditching the “Multi FX” distortion and replacing it with the VCM EQ 501 multi-band equalizer. The “Multi FX” distortion has several EQ options of its own and I just couldn’t find the one to make me happy.

Plus, the “Multi FX” follows the rotary speaker effect. Who the heck puts the distortion after the rotary speaker? (Yamaha, I guess.) The distortion block makes more sense before the rotary speaker (tube overdrive), not after.

I am hooked on MODX Scenes. It was easy to switch B-3 registrations through scenes when playing live — kind of like touching a genuine Hammond registration key. (For the uninitiated, those are the reverse color keys at the left of the lower Hammond keybed.) I intend to make further use of Scenes in order to change up the color of woodwind and brass blends.

The on-screen Live Set buttons are a little thin for my big and busy fingers. Montage has that enormous bank of physical buttons for selection and so forth. Not so MODX and this is one compromise that I’m not too happy about. I’m thinking about doubling up Live Set buttons effectively creating two rows of four buttons. The following image is notional. I have tried this yet. [Click image to enlarge.]

The redundant buttons make each virtual button roughly squarish and bigger at the cost of halving the number of available presets. With the ability to select different solo voices or blends via Scene buttons, I might build eight Performances that each encapsulate several options, like a “Solo Voice” Performance with Scenes for individual solo flute, solo oboe, solo violin and solo cello.

BTW, what’s with all of the PJs in the Performance names? One of the tutorial articles at YamahaSynth.com recommends renaming when you save a Performance, making it easier to discern the original preset from a user Performance. I blew off this advice at first, and sure enough, I had trouble distinguishing between the factory presets and my own user Performances. I decided to add my initials to my user Performances even though you can filter for user Performances in Category Search.

It’s easy enough to comp presets into new Performances. I’m building woodwind and brass blends this way. If you need to delete a Part from a Performance, hold the SHIFT button and touch the Part to be removed. MODX pops up a contextual menu. You cannot delete Part 1 directly. If you need to delete Part 1, swap it with Part 2 first.

You can work quite fast this way. However, you might want to go back and edit the Insert A and Insert B effects for each part. This gotcha snuck by me at first. I found Parts with Tempo Delay and other effects that create sonic muck when playing in a large hall, e.g., the church that I play in. The hall adds its own muck, so I replaced Tempo Delay, etc. with something innocuous like VCM EQ 501 set flat or even THRU.

There’s plenty of discussion about the Montage/MODX “All 9 Bars!” performance on YamahaSynth.com, in case you didn’t get enough in my previous post.

Copyright © 2018 Paul J. Drongowski

Blazin’

Baby, I’m amazed at how fast I have pulled together enough MODX Performances to take MODX to my gig tomorrow. This is definitely a set up record and testimony to efficient workflow through the touch screen user interface. Of course, being familiar with the Yamaha AWM2 synthesis architecture (and its many parameters) is a big help.

There were only a few sticking points like how to delete a Part from an MODX Performance. It works like a right-click context menu — hold SHIFT and touch the Part that you want to delete, etc. The MODX pops a menu.

I did a little A/B testing between MODX and Genos™ as a sanity and ear check. I compared my MODX Performances against the Genos registration settings that I crafted for my church sounds (mainly orchestral instruments/layers and B3 organ).

I was surprised to hear the difference between the MODX and Genos drawbar organ. The MODX was grungier and I had to find out why.

All 9 Bars!

It’s worth unpacking the “All 9 Bars!” Performance simply to learn about MODX Performance (and voice) programming. Please remember that MODX (and Montage) Performance structure is relatively flat. A Performance consists of Performance Common data and one or more Parts. Look inside Performance Common for Variation, Reverb and Multi-effects (MFX) effect routing and parameters. These are the system-level effects that affect all Parts in the Performance.

Each Part contains Part Common data and one to eight voice elements. A voice element is either a mini AWM2 or FM-X synthesizer depending on voice type. Part Common is where the Insert A and Insert B effects are defined. They affect one or more voice elements depending upon insert effect switch status. In “All 9 Bars!” the Insert A and B effects are “Rotary Speaker 1” and “Multi FX”, respectively. Please see my last post for more details.

The MODX does not have an explicit Voice (capital “V”) object type; voice (lower case “v”) information is contained within a part. I will use “voice” (lower case “v”) at times in my writing. Please keep the distinction in mind.

“All 9 Bars!” consists of two parts. Part 1 handles the first eight drawbars:

Element# Waveform
1 Draw 16′
2 Draw 5 1/3
3 Draw 8′
4 Draw 4′
5 Draw 2 2/3′
6 Draw 2′
7 Draw 1 3/5
8 Draw 1 1/3

Expanded Articulation (XA) is “Normal” meaning that all of the elements trigger with a key press. This chews up polyphony pretty quick. Good thing the MODX has 128 AMW2 voice polyphony.

Part 2 has the ninth drawbar (1′) and special effects goodies. Think of “All 9 Bars!” in the same way as a multi-part piano voice with key noises, etc.

Element# Waveform Purpose
1 Draw 1′ 1′ drawbar
2 Percussion Percussion
3 Rotor Grit Rotor noise
4 Rotor More rotor noise
5 Draw 8′ Key click
6 Draw 8′ Key click

If you want to clean up the sound or turn off key click, look into Part 2.

The SuperKnob is programmed to control the amount of distortion drive in the Insert B “Multi FX” effect. The MOD wheel and Assignable Function button 1 (AF1) controls the rotary speaker speed.

Why the Genos B3 is soooo polite

The Genos B3 is too polite and clean, especially for rock and grungier forms of jazz, funk and gospel. Both the MODX and Genos have the same rotary speaker effect. The MODX, however, has a longer effects chain and includes a “Multi FX” distortion with top boost effect. After shutting down “Multi FX,” the MODX is still grungier. That’s why I decided to deconstruct “All 9 Bars!”.

The Genos does not have the rotor noise or key click components. Each of Genos’ RIGHT1, RIGHT2, RIGHT3 and LEFT parts are what MODX folks would call single Part Performance. RIGHT1, etc. each implement a single voice consisting of one to eight elements. Even though an “Organ Flutes” voice behaves like a multi-Part Performance, you cannot extend it or reprogram it. “Organ Flutes” is a closed black box.

One could, however, construct a Genos organ FX voice with percussion, rotor and key click elements and then layer the organ FX voice with an Organ Flutes voice, i.e., assign an Organ Flutes voice to RIGHT1 and assign the organ FX voice to RIGHT2. One would have to build the organ FX voice in (Yamaha Expansion Manager) YEM — totally do-able. I wish Yamaha published a waveform list as the necessary samples may already be hiding in the Genos waveform ROM.

Seen it, done that

Here’s a peek at the Live Set for Sunday. This is an experimental layout. I hope that I can poke the buttons on the fly. [Click images to enlarge.]

I took what I learned about the “All 9 Bars!” Performance and build a new Performance called “B3 Church Scene PJ”. The Performance uses scenes to switch in additional drawbars. I have three signature settings that I use every Sunday. I start out with a basic church sound and then add drawbars to it as the hymn (or whatever) progresses.

BTW, I have the EQ low dialed way down. Too much bass gets in the way of our pianist. Also, thankfully, Performances remember the state of the selected knob parameters. I make occasional EQ changes on the fly.

The MODX Scene mechanism seems to be built for this kind of voice switching. Plus, the Scene buttons are so close at hand. I successfully put the AF1 and AF2 buttons to work this way on the MOX6. Building a new MODX Performance from “All 9 Bars!” was a good learning experience and it got me ready for Sunday. Maybe I can make orchestral combinations with Scenes and maybe, gasp, put the SuperKnob to work? Stay tuned.

Copyright © 2018 Paul J. Drongowski

And we’re off!

The exploration begins!

Starting in with a new keyboard is like landing on the Moon. What should I explore first?

First stop: Reverb

Effects are critical to good sound. I’ve fallen in love with the Genos™ “Real Small Hall+” effect preset. It just sounds nice to my ears and I want to incorporate it into Performances as I port my MOX voices to MODX. The “Real Small Hall+” preset has a mid-range bump around 700Hz to 800Hz which adds presence.

First off, what the heck is the equivalent effect algorithm on MODX? The Genos “Real Small Hall+” uses the Genos “REAL REVERB” algorithm. Quick comparison between the Genos Reference Manual (RM) and the MODX RM reveals that “HD Hall” is the same as “REAL REVERB”. Frankly, I don’t know why Yamaha names effects differently on different product lines. Slightly bonkers.

MODX provides three presets for “HD Hall”:

  • Large Hall
  • Medium Hall
  • Bright Hall

The “Medium Hall” preset is the closest to “Real Small Hall+”. It’s not the same, so there will be some extra editing ahead. In case you’re wondering, here are the parameter settings for “Real Small Hall+”:

Number Parameter Value
1 Reverb Time 1.3s
3 Initial Delay Time 22.1ms
4 High Damp Frequency 8.0kHz
6 High Ratio 0.8
13 EQ Low Frequency 700Hz
14 EQ Low Gain +6dB
15 EQ High Frequency 800Hz
16 EQ High Gain +4dB
Return Level 64

I would love to make a MODX user effect preset with these specific parameter values. Would sure save a lot of editing…

Of course, I tried these settings and so forth. In the course of investigation, I found it easier to navigate with the MODX cursor keys instead of poking the touch screen. As I mentioned in my last post, the small size of the MODX widgets requires care and precision when tapping the screen. I also noticed that more finger pressure is required than the Genos touch screen. Widgets along the edge of the screen are the most troublesome and maybe I’ll need to re-calibrate the touch panel.

Next step: Rotary speaker effects

One big, lingering question in arranger-land is how to make the PSR/Genos drawbar organ more realistic.

I need to port my B-3 patches, so it made sense to drop into the “All 9 Bars!” Performance. “All 9 Bars!” is a 2-part Performance which marshalls 14 voice elements into a pretty decent B-3 plus Leslie emulation. Part 1 implements the first eight drawbars and part 2 implements the 1′ bar plus some other goodies.

I’ll have more to say about the part programming in another post. In the meantime, here is a screen shot showing the insert effects routing for “All 9 Bars!”. [Click images to enlarge.]

The MODX “Rotary Speaker 1” algorithm is what we could call “the old algorithm.” “Rotary Speaker 2” is the “new algorithm” debuted in Montage. The rotary speaker effect (Insert A) drives the Multi FX (Insert B) algorithm before everything hits the 2-band EQ (flat).

The following screen shot shows the parameters for the “Rotary Speaker 1” effect.

The “Rotary Speaker 1” algorithm includes its own 2-band EQ which gives a kick at 200Hz and 4.5kHz. Thus, the 2-band EQ at the end of the Insert A to Insert B chain is flat.

The next screen shot summarizes the parameter settings for the “Multi FX” effect.

BTW, both the Multi FX and HD Hall reverb were introduced in the Motif XF version 1.50 update. Multi FX is supported in the PSR-S950 (and later) mid-range arrangers, Tyros 5 and, of course, Genos.

The effect routing diagram illustrates one immediate advantage of the Yamaha synth effect architecture over the Genos effect architecture. It is possible to chain two insert effects on Genos, but you need to stand on your head to do it. Also, it’s not easy to chain a distortion effect into the PSR/Tyros “Organ Flutes” mode. These limitations are due to legacy software and the XG voice/effect architecture — and they stick in everyone’s craw like a bad burrito. Yamaha, please?

MODX screen capture

About those screen shots!

Like Montage, the MODX has a double-secret Easter egg for capturing screen shots.

  1. Insert a USB flash drive into the USB TO DEVICE port.
  2. Press and hold the A/D INPUT ON/OFF button.
  3. Press and release the AUDITION button.
  4. Release the A/D INPUT ON/OFF button.

The MODX writes screen shots to the USB flash drive with names such as “DSNAP_0.png”. I don’t know why Yamaha hides this capability. We live in a modern, visual age, after all, and people need to share screen shots through (anti-)social media.

Here’s two tips. 1. To save wear and tear on the USB TO DEVICE port, I plug a short extender cable into the port and then plug the USB flash drive into the extender cable. The cable brings the port to a place where I can easily reach it and it reduces wear on the port connector. 2. The screen capture procedure doesn’t provide any visual indication that the capture was successful or complete. Use a USB flash drive with an activity LED (e.g., the Kingston Data Traveler Elite G2). You should see the drive’s LED flash when the PNG file is written. Naturally, do not remove the drive when it is active!

Copyright © 2018 Paul J. Drongowski

Relationship: Committed

I went in to play the 88 and walked out with the 61.

It isn’t because I don’t like the Yamaha MODX8 — it comes down to repertoire, need and gamey heart rhythm. If I could schlep the Montage 6 (33 pounds), I would have bought the Montage ages ago. 🙂

I dropped by my local GC knowing that they had a MODX6 in stock. I was hoping to try the MODX6, but found an 88-key MODX8 set up and waiting. As it was with the Montage launch, Yamaha laid out a little extra promotional money and the MODX8 was driving a pair of Yamaha HS8 monitors. Nice. Extra nice, it was raining like crazy and nobody was in the store. GC took a little bit away from the experience by hooking up a truly beat-out sustain pedal and cheap-ass cables to the HS8s. Life is never perfect.

The MODX8 is a very nice instrument. I spent 20 or so minutes jamming and generally had a blast. The hand-to-sound connection of the multi-part CFX grand piano is excellent, IMHO. This is a good keyboard for piano. Organ, not so much. The keys cut my hands when doing palm swipes. I played long enough to verify that all of the Montage sound is in the MODX. Thank heavens I had wrung out the Montage quite heavily when comparing Montage versus Genos™ and knew what to listen for.

BTW, I stick by my earlier comment. It’s a long reach to the MODX8’s pitch bend wheel, MOD wheel and assignable function (AF) buttons. This is the only genuinely negative thing that I can say about the MODX8.

Stop arguing on-line about the action. (And DACS. And touch screens.) Go play one. If you like it, buy it. The MODX8 — or any other instrument — is what it is.

I hadn’t really planned to buy the MODX6 that day, but the trade-in offer was quite decent. The dealer also allowed the usual minus 10% off given during GC trade-in, trade-up promotions. I suppose I could have bargained harder…

My first reaction while unboxing — damn, this thing is small and light. The MODX6 is a pound lighter and several inches shorter than my beloved MOX6. Hurray, I can use my current gig bag! Moving the PB and MOD wheels back let Yamaha cut inches from the overall length. I’m surprised that the front-to-back depth was not increased to accommodate the color touch screen. Good industrial design.

The plastic chassis does not feel as robust as the MOX6. This is just about the only negative. The MOX6 has stood up to guitars clunking into it and relatively light travel abuse. I hope the MODX6 will prove to be robust, too. My main gripe is the fit of the plastic end cheeks (end panels). They seem a little flimsy compared to the single molded shape of the MOX6. On the other hand, I think of the 88-key MODX8 as rather sturdy.

Certain compromises are made by all manufacturers when producing a mid-range model and the MODX is no exception. The quarter inch jacks are mounted directly on a printed circuit board (PCB) and are a little wobbly when compared to an up-scale model like the Genos. All of the controls give a nice resistance. If you’re an MOX/MOXF player, you’ll be right at home.

The touch screen is the same size as the Montage, which is smaller than the Genos screen. I’ve been spoiled by the Genos! I made a few tentative experiments at performance editing and find that I need to tap the screen with more care and precision than Genos, simply because the danged on-screen widgets are smaller.

Speaking of editing, I was able to create some layers and splits without cracking the manual. One big “However”. I know the Yamaha voice architecture and approach to voice editing quite well already. A novice will need time to get up to speed. I suggest reading the first chapter or two in the MODX Reference Manual and skim the Owner’s Manual before doing anything.

About the MODX6 keybed. Yes, it’s different than the MOX. Phil Clendeninn, on the Yamaha Synth site, mentioned that the keybed is new, even with respect to the MOXF models. The black keys have a nice texture adding a little “warmth” to the touch. The keybed is similar to the keys belonging to mid-range Yamaha arrangers. Yes, these keys are light and they are not FSX like the Montage and Genos. I don’t think this is a deal-breaker. I can perform palm swipes with ease and found the similar feeling S950 keys to be robust enough.

I’m now in the process of porting over my voices and performances from the MOX6. There is a direct migration path from MOXF to MODX, but not MOX. Yamaha usually support direct migration from the previous generation (singular), not two or three generations back. The port shouldn’t be too bad as I have only ten or so splits/layers built from scratch. All other MOX6 voices are based on factory patches which are present on the MODX, too. Those edits will be simple tweaks like dialing back reverb, extending release times here and there, etc. I eventually want to exploit the shining beacon known as the “Super-Knob” and scenes. In the meantime, I’ll be happy to start small and build Live Sets equivalent to my MOX6 set-up.

So, there you have it — my first report from the field.

Before signing off for today, I’d like to say “Goodbye” to an old friend: the PSR-S950 that I traded in. I had a lot of quality time with that ‘board and some lucky customer is going to get a gently used instrument. So long!

Update. Literally. The MODX6 had version 1.00 installed. I decided to update to 1.10 before creating too many performances and the possibility of losing data. First, the download from Yamaha was extremely slow. The first two downloads failed. Next, the read me document recommends formatting the USB flash drive on the MODX. USB drive usage information is split between the Owner’s Manual and the Reference Manual. I had to search on “format” in order to find the relevant text in the Reference Manual. The Reference Manual doesn’t have an index! Finally, the formatting directions are minimal (2 sentences?) and are not easy to understand.

Actually, I need to ding Yamaha for the overall quality of the Owner’s and Reference Manuals. The grey-scale screenshots are so small as to be unreadable and unusable. Both documents read like a direct translation from Japanese and both documents need to be edited by a native English tech writer.

Copyright © 2018 Paul J. Drongowski

Mobile Music Sequencer mixer

In recent posts, I mentioned that Yamaha Mobile Music Sequencer (MMS) sends MIDI messages which conform to the XG voice and effects standard. Here’s a few screen shots to illustrate my observation.

The first thing everyone sees is the MMS Phrase Viewer. This is where you assemble phrases into sections. (It’s kind of like the Ableton Live Session View turned on its side.) Each section is a group of phrases which fit together musically and can be triggered together. [Click images to enlarge.] The song shown here is a rough attempt at Dub Reggae.

Each horizontal lane is a musical part. There are eight parts and they correspond to MIDI channels one to eight. Voice Link is enabled, so the voice for each part is determined by the pre-assigned voice for each phrase. MMS sends MIDI Bank Select MSB, Bank Select LSB and Program Change messages for each part. (See the Mobile Music Sequencer Reference page for more details including a list of voices.)

For this song, I used only six voices; that’s why there are two empty lanes. I intend to convert the song to a PSR/Tyros style. Thinking ahead, the parts 1 to 8 correspond to the Rhythm 1, Rhythm 2, Bass, Chord 1, Chord 2, Pad, Phrase 1 and Phrase 2 channels in a PSR/Tyros style. Enough about styles and style conversion for the moment.

When you tap the MIXER button, MMS displays its mixer view. From here, you can control the volume, pan, variation effect send, chorus effect send, and reverb send levels for each part.

These knobs are live. Each knob transmits its corresponding MIDI message as defined in the Yamaha XG architecture. The knobs transmit CC#7 volume, CC#10 pan, CC#94 variation send level, CC#92 chorus send level and CC#91 reverb send level. Thus, MMS does double-duty as a MIDI controller!

Tap the EEFECT button and MMS displays the effect connection view. This view shows the signal routing through the variation, chorus and reverb effect units. These knobs are live, too, and send XG MIDI messages to tweak the internal signal levels. This display is very handy if you’re an XG guy trying to spiff up a song.

The blue boxes with the left and right arrows select the effect algorithm assigned to the unit. (See the MMS Reference for details.) These buttons let you scoot quickly through different effects until you find the effect that strikes your fancy. MMS transmits the XG MIDI message to select the effect and it sends sixteen additional messages to set the effect parameters.

Speaking of effect parameters, tap the VAR button. (Tap CHO or REV.)

MMS displays sliders allowing you to tweeze the effect parameters. The screen shot (above) shows the parameters for the TEMPO DELAY effect algorithm.

Well, there you go. MMS is not only a sequencer, but it doubles as a MIDI controller. If you would like to know more, please read my earlier article Make music with MMS on PSR/TYROS.

Copyright © 2018 Paul J. Drongowski

Getting started with style files

The question of getting started with the creation and editing of PSR/Tyros/Genos style files arose on the PSR Tutorial Forum. I’m re-posting my reply here.

The best suggestion that I can make is reading Jørgen’s style creation course:

If folks don’t like PDF, there are on-line versions of the same articles:

Honest to goodness, Jørgen has done a super job!

Another excellent resource is “Style Files – Introduction and Details” by Peter Wierzba and Michael Bedesem:

This document and other very useful information are published on Peter’s site:

Anyone who is interested in creating new styles really needs to know what is inside of a style file — not just hand-waving, but to know in enough depth to start editing.

Another alternative is the high-level tool MidiSoft Style Magic:

Even then, a modest amount of background information is needed.

Once someone has the background, I encourage them to read a few existing articles at my site. Parts 2 and 3 of the series:

describe translation of a Standard Midi File to a style. Another potentially useful article is about converting the Yamaha DJX II patterns to styles:

So, there are already quite a few resources available. Jørgen, Michael and Peter have really shown the way!

One more suggestion.

Crack open a style file with a DAW and look inside. First, change the file name extension to “.mid” by renaming the file. Then, open the file in a DAW like Sonar or Cubase. Poke around.

A Yamaha style file consists of “chunks.” A style file must have a MIDI chunk and may contain a CASM chunk and an OTS chunk. The CASM chunk holds the NTR/NTT information that you can see and edit in PSR Style Creator. The OTS chunk holds the OTS information.

DAWs ignore the Yamaha chunks, so if you change the MIDI file, it won’t have the original CASM and/or OTS chunks. That’s where Jørgen’s style split/splice tool comes into play. The tool splits a style file into MIDI and non-MIDI parts. After editing, the tool splices the MIDI and non-MIDI parts back together again to make a complete style file.

If someone gets this far, they can move mountains. 🙂

Copyright © 2018 Paul J. Drongowski

MMS: Pack voices and drum kits

I’ve been mining the Yamaha Mobile Music Sequencer (MMS) patterns. Yamaha themselves mined these patterns from the old “Mini Mo” mm6/mm8 keyboards. The mm6 and mm8 are a somewhat unique hybrid of a Yamaha arranger and cut-down Motif MO synth.

I plan to post several PSR-compatible styles based on the MMS patterns. In the meantime, I drew up a list of the additional voices and drum kits in the add-on packs. The lists include the corresponding MSB bank select, LSB bank select and program change values. If Yamaha demonstrates any continuing interest in MMS (by releasing an update!), I will add this information to my existing Mobile Music Sequencer Reference page.

MMS sends all sorts of MIDI messages and can be used to control an XG-compatible sound engine, including reverb, chorus and variation effects. (See the Reference page.) MMS can export a Standard MIDI File (SMF) with a voice selection message for each track. Only certain targets are supported: Tyros 5, Motif XF, Motif XS, MOXF, MOX, and MX. I use the Tyros 5 setting to target Genos and the PSR-S950.

I have to say, the results sound quite good when played back on either Genos© or the PSR-S950. The hardware sound engines are far superior to the software engine in MMS. Still, one shouldn’t pass MMS by.

MMS Drum Kits

Program Change values are shown in two ways: starting from zero and starting from one. Raw MIDI messages number voices starting from zero. Sequencers and other software sometime number program change values starting from one. Check your DAW’s manual!

MMS Kit            Hex         PC# 0:127   PC# 1:128
-----------------  --------    ---------   ---------
Standard Kit       7F 00 00    127 0  0    127 0  1
Gate Drum Kit      7F 00 10    127 0 16    127 0 17    Electronic Pack
Analog T8 Kit      7F 00 19    127 0 25    127 0 26
Analog T9 Kit      7F 00 1A    127 0 26    127 0 27
Dance Kit          7F 00 1B    127 0 27    127 0 28
New Pop Kit        7F 00 1C    127 0 28    127 0 29    Dance Pop Pack
Trance Power Kit   7F 00 1D    127 0 29    127 0 30    Dance Pop Pack
Elct.Dub Kit 1     7F 00 1E    127 0 30    127 0 31    Electronic Pack
Elct.Dub Kit 2     7F 00 1F    127 0 31    127 0 32    Dance Pop Pack
Brush Kit          7F 00 28    127 0 40    127 0 40
Break Kit          7F 00 53    127 0 83    127 0 84
Hip Hop Kit 1      7F 00 54    127 0 84    127 0 85
Hip Hop Kit 2      7F 00 55    127 0 85    127 0 86    Hip Hop Pack
Hip Hop Kit 3      7F 00 56    127 0 86    127 0 87    Hip Hop Pack
R&B Kit 1          7F 00 57    127 0 87    127 0 88    R&B Pack
R&B Kit 2          7F 00 58    127 0 88    127 0 89    R&B Pack
Dubstep Kit        7F 00 59    127 0 89    127 0 90    Electronic Pack

SFX Kit            3F 20 00     63 0  0     63 0  1
Percussion Kit     3F 20 01     63 0  1     63 0  2
Epic FX            3F 20 02     63 0  2     63 0  3    Electronic Pack
Short FX           3F 20 03     63 0  3     63 0  4    Electronic Pack
Trance FX Menu     3F 20 04     63 0  4     63 0  5    Dance Pop Pack

MMS Dance pack voices

Voice              Hex         PC# 0:127   PC# 1:128
-----------------  --------    ---------   ---------
Brite Trance Arp   3F 00 2A    63 0  42    63 0  43
Cosmeter           3F 00 63    63 0  99    63 0 100
Dancy Hook         3F 00 23    63 0  35    63 0  36
Fat Dance Chordz   3F 00 24    63 0  36    63 0  37
Fix Start Seq      3F 00 29    63 0  41    63 0  42
Raw Square 5th     3F 00 26    63 0  38    63 0  39
Sawtooth Lead 3    3F 00 7E    63 0 126    63 0 127
Landing Pad        3F 00 73    63 0 115    63 0 116
Mystery Sine       3F 00 78    63 0 120    63 0 121
Rebirth '70        3F 00 7B    63 0 123    63 0 124
Sand Pad           3F 00 74    63 0 116    63 0 117
Brite Dance Bass   3F 00 21    63 0  33    63 0  34
Fat Trance Bass    3F 00 22    63 0  34    63 0  35
Lately             3F 00 54    63 0  84    63 0  85

MMS Electronic pack voices

Voice              Hex         PC# 0:127   PC# 1:128
-----------------  --------    ---------   ---------
Big Lead           3F 00 64    63 0 100    63 0 101
Snap Seq           3F 00 75    63 0 117    63 0 118
Sync Phat 1        3F 00 28    63 0  40    63 0  41
Sync Phat 2        3F 00 35    63 0  53    63 0  54
Wobble Phase       3F 00 2B    63 0  43    63 0  44
Back Pad           3F 00 72    63 0 114    63 0 115
Landscape          3F 00 7A    63 0 122    63 0 123
Vapor              35 00 6D    63 0 109    63 0 110
Synth Bass         3F 00 58    63 0  88    63 0  89
Wazoo              3F 00 55    63 0  85    63 0  86
Wobble Bass        3F 00 20    63 0  32    63 0  33
Hard Saw Brass     3F 00 5E    63 0  94    63 0  95
Ober Horns         3F 00 5A    63 0  90    63 0  91
Timeless           3F 00 5D    63 0  93    63 0  94

MMS Hip Hop voices

Voice              Hex         PC# 0:127   PC# 1:128
-----------------  --------    ---------   ---------
Growl Tekk         3F 00 36    63 0  54    63 0  55
Soft RnB           3F 00 69    63 0 105    63 0 106
Square Lead 2      3F 00 6A    63 0 106    63 0 107
Goblins            3F 00 7C    63 0 124    63 0 125
Light Pad          3F 00 6E    63 0 110    63 0 111
Chuggin' Guitar    3F 00 42    63 0  66    63 0  67
Jazz Organ 2       3F 00 41    63 0  65    63 0  66
P.Mod Bass         3F 00 57    63 0  87    63 0  88
Lots O'Brass       3F 00 45    63 0  69    63 0  70

MMS R&B pack voices

Voice              Hex         PC# 0:127   PC# 1:128
-----------------  --------    ---------   ---------
Mini Three         3F 00 60    63 0  96    63 0  97
Simple Oct         3F 00 62    63 0  98    63 0  99
Sine Comp          3F 00 77    63 0 119    63 0 120
Square Lead 3      3F 00 7D    63 0 125    63 0 126
Analog 2           3F 00 38    63 0  56    63 0  57
Twist              3F 00 79    63 0 121    63 0 122
Oct Fuzz           3F 00 43    63 0  67    63 0  68
Mellow Piano       3F 00 40    63 0  64    63 0  65
Ice Bells          3F 00 46    63 0  70    63 0  71
Dark Bass          3F 00 50    63 0  80    63 0  81
Kick Bass          3F 00 56    63 0  86    63 0  87

Copyright © 2018 Paul J. Drongowski

Yamaha MODX Version 1.10 Update

Yamaha just posted the MODX Data List, Reference Manual, Supplementary Manual, and Synthesizer Parameter Manual. You’ll find them in the Yamaha manual library or linked from the MODX page on your regional Yamaha site.

The Supplementary Manual describes the new functions added with the MODX Version 1.10 update. Quoting the manual:

Yamaha has upgraded the MODX firmware, adding the following new functions. This manual describes additions and changes with respect to the Reference Manual that came with your instrument.

  • A new function has been added that allows you to selectively enable (or disable) recording of Arpeggio data, when recording
    MIDI songs.
  • You can now set a Center Note in the Edit Waveform display.
  • You can now set a key for assignment when loading WAV files or AIFF files as waveforms.
  • You can now select the Assignable Knob for Common Parts, by pressing the [PART SELECT MUTE/SOLO] in the dialog
    displayed when selecting the Part parameter and pressing the [CONTROL ASSIGN] button.
  • The Panel Lock function has been added to prevent inadvertent operations during your performance.

The ability to assign a key to a WAV or AIFF waveform as it loads partially mitigates the hassle of triggering a backing track or other “sample” when playing. It requires the waveform to be loaded into expansion memory, however.

Both the Montage and MODX are a behind their competitors when it comes to playing a WAV/AIFF or MP3 from USB drive. Yes, you can do it, but it requires several steps. Yamaha need to extend the Live Set concept to remember both a Performance and a USB WAV/AIFF path name in a Live Set button. The button memory should also remember the audio level and AUTO-start status. This feature would be great for live play as a single or as a small combo with a backing track. In this way, one button press can bring up a patch and start a backing track from a USB flash drive — no menu diving.

Hey, hey, have fun today!

Copyright © 2018 Paul J. Drongowski (except manual quotation)