Wire Less: Part 1, Korg Microkey Air 49

Posted on September 3, 2021 by pj

With the pandemic raging, I’m searching for ways to reduce my physical gig footprint and schlep factor. I thought I would share my adventure in battery-lowered, almost wireless keyboard-land.

Months ago, I had a good experience with Korg Module Pro. It has the range of high quality sounds that I need for my church gig. So, I decided to eschew battery-powered MIDI modules like the MidiPLUS miniEngine USB and go iPad and Korg Module Pro.

I tried a bunch of controller candidates. (See the end of this post for more info.) I had the best experience and minimal number of wires with built-in Bluetooth MIDI. The SHS-500 Sonogenic, in particular, is nearly ideal:

Pluses: Built-in Bluetooth, pitch bend and mod wheels, decent mini-keys, narrow depth is good for a lap-board.
Estimated battery life is OK (10 hours); AC adapter jack is well-placed and secure.
Minuses: 37 keys (3 octaves), no expression pedal input, mod wheel works backwards when played in one’s lap.

No, I am not playing the SHS-500 as a keytar. I find the whole keytar thing to be gimmicky and not appropriate for church. I intend to play the controller in my lap, thereby keeping my physical profile small. (Social distancing!) A lap-board lets me ditch the keyboard stand, minimizing schlep.

Mini-keys deserve comment. Mini-keys enable short, lap-held keyboards. They are very lightweight and easy to transport. If the basic key feel is good, I make peace with play-ability.

My trouble isn’t so much with key size. It’s that three octaves (37 keys) are too short. Many melody and bass lines require two octaves and a player needs two octaves below middle C and two octaves above. Otherwise, I do unnecessary mental and hand gymnastics in real-time to fit the music onto the keyboard. That ain’t right.

Just me? Watch Harry Connick Jr. rock a 3 octave Reface CP. Harry sez, “There’s not a lot of room here.” [Tonight Show: Jimmy Fallon, NBC, 1 September 2016, Playing starts at 3:00.]

In the end, I broke down and bought a Korg Microkey Air 49. It is a good size for a lap-board and the Korg Natural Touch mini-keys ain’t too bad. The Microkey Air firmware was already at v1.04 when it arrived and it connected with Korg Module Pro under IOS 14.1 without a problem. [More on this in a future post.]

The Microkey Air 49 has an estimated 30 hour battery life. Good thing, because Bluetooth operation must use battery power (two AA batteries). Be sure to have two spare AA batteries at the gig; there isn’t a USB powered safety net.

The Microkey Air has a footswitch input. Expression input would be better. Of course, connecting a pedal to the Microkey Air adds a cable. Fortunately, Bluetooth pedals like the Airturn BT200-S4 get the job done. I have a BT200-S4 and found it easy to switch sustain, etc. via Bluetooth in Korg Module Pro. The BT200-S4 is small and light, not any worse than schlepping a wired sustain pedal.

I made a few advances with iPad wiring along the way. The Korg Microkey Air 49 is working out pretty well and I’m practicing with it every day. I have a few custom layers in Korg Module Pro and the day is coming when I’ll try out the rig in front of a congregation.

Going native

For completeness sake, I tried “going native” with sounds built into the Yamaha SHS-500 Sonogenic, Yamaha Reface YC, Yamaha PSS-A50 and Korg microKorg XL+ — all fine battery-powered instruments in their own right with sounds appropriate for rock, soul, jazz, and pop, but not church. I need good strings, reeds, classic organ and gospel B-3. Before moving on, I give props to the Reface YC as it is truly gig-worthy and have play it on the job.

Blooming BLU

I also tried using “the natives” as Bluetooth MIDI controllers. All of the candidates have USB and/or 5-pin MIDI DIN ports, and can be fitted with Yamaha UD-BT01 and MD-BT01 wireless MIDI adapters. The candidate keyboards are battery-powered, so what the heck!

Yamaha UD-BT01 (with AC adapter) and UD-BT01 Bluetooth MIDI

To make a long story short, all candidates worked well with the Yamaha adapters and with Korg Module Pro on iPad — even the lowly, dirt-cheap PSS-A50. A few specific observations:

The Yamaha UB-BT01 not only does Bluetooth MIDI, it supplies power to the PSS-A50. If you must add a cable to connect the A50 to the UD-BT01, you might as well get power, too, and save batteries. If you own a PSS-A50 and want to go Bluetooth MIDI, don’t hesitate!
The Reface YC has the added bonus of an expression pedal input. An expression pedal is a vital part of my gig toolkit. Korg Module Pro will connect simultaneously to more than one Bluetooth MIDI source (like the BT200-S4 previously mentioned). In one experiment, I used Reface YC as my expression source while playing the black and whites on the SHS-500. Neat. I might add the new Boss EV-1-L wireless expression pedal once it ships.
I looked into expected battery life. The Korg Microkey Air is the best at 30 hours estimated life. The other solutions are burdened by tone generation and DSP. The added power-burn is unnecessary if we’re not using the internal synthesis engines.

Even though you take a power hit, an internal engine is a good back-up in case there is a technical problem with Bluetooth, the iPad or Module Pro.

    Instrument     Estimated battery life 
    -------------  ---------------------- 
    Microkey Air          30 Hours 
    PSS-A50               20 Hours 
    SHS-500               10 Hours 
    Reface YC              5 Hours 
    microKorg XL+          4 Hours

In terms of key feel and play-ability, all candidates are acceptable. The Yamaha HD mini-keys are more synth- and organ-like, and are good for legato (especially organ). The Korg Natural Touch mini-keys are more piano-like — good for striking, not quite as good as Yamaha HD for legato. Unlike Microkey Air 49, the other candidates are 37 keys and are too short for unfettered play.

                           Key dimensions 
                        -------------------- 
    Instrument          Width  Length  Depth 
    ------------------  -----  ------  ----- 
    Reface HD            19mm    88mm    9mm 
    Korg Natural Touch   20mm    80mm    8mm 
    MODX                 21mm   133mm   10mm 
    Genos FSX            22mm   133mm   10mm

Check out these related blog posts:

littleBits for audio mods?

Posted on May 31, 2021 by pj

Here are a few experiments testing littleBits audio post-processing. In the first few cases, audio is produced by a Yamaha SHS-500 synthesizer fed into the LINE IN of a littleBits Microphone module. Outgoing audio is sent through a littleBits Speaker module connected to an external amplified speaker.

I did not draw the littleBits Power module into every example circuit. If you’re experimenting at home, hey, “One, Two, you know what to do…”

The first circuit filters incoming audio:

          PowerSnap 
              | 
              V 
           Envelope <-- Button <-- PowerSnap 
              | 
              V 
    Mic --> Filter --> Speaker

The Filter modulation input is driven by a littleBits Envelope module. The (audio) input of the Envelope is connected to a littleBits PowerSnap which supplies a constant +5 Volts to the input of the Envelope. A littleBits Button module is connected to the Envelope’s trigger input. (The second PowerSnap assures a full 5 Volt ON signal through the Button.) The Envelope sweeps from 0 to 5 Volts when the Button is pressed. Of course, the Envelope is shaped by its attack and release settings.

The first circuit operates successfully. The audio is filtered according to the Filter’s cut-off and resonance settings. The Filter quacks (a very scientific term!) when the Button is pushed.

The second circuit replaces the Button with a littleBits Pulse module:

          PowerSnap 
              | 
              V 
           Envelope <-- Pulse <-- PowerSnap 
              | 
              V 
    Mic --> Filter --> Speaker

The Pulse module repeatedly sends a trigger signal to the Envelope module. The triggers cause the Filter to quack correctly. However, there is an audible click when the Pulse module fires — even if no audio is playing. This noise is unacceptible and I don’t know why it is occurring. Power glitches perhaps?

At this point, I began experimenting with the littleBits Threshold module. The (third) simple test circuit below:

    Power --> Dimmer --> Threshold --> Number

demonstrated that my intuition about the Threshold behavior is correct: when the voltage into the Threshold exceeds the threshold setting, the Threshold turns ON and outputs +5 Volts. When the input voltage falls below the threshold setting, the Threshold output turns OFF (0 Volts).

Testing tip: The Number module has a “Voltage” setting in which Number displays the incoming input voltage. You can use a Number module as an in-circuit volt meter.

Given that, I couldn’t determine why the Threshold was not acting like a gate generator when driven by a littleBits audio signal, i.e., driven by the Microphone module in its “Sound” setting. Turns out, the littleBits Microphone module converts the incoming LINE IN signal into its own notion of audio — a signal centered around 2.5 Volts. I connected a Bargraph (or Number) module to the output of Microphone, and indeed, the Microphone sends 2.5 Volts when the audio is silent.

Arg! Once again bitten by the lack of signal documentation! When the Microphone is in its “Other” setting, it converts the input signal to swing from 0 to 5 Volts. Bad news, however. The Speaker module expects audio in the 2.5 Volt centered, littlebits convention and it distorts like a bandit when driven with the “Other” setting.

The 2.5 Volt convention also explains why some folks have observed only a 2.5 Volt sweep in the Envelope output. All of this has serious implications when mixing audio and control signals in littleBits. I need to think about this for a while…

The fourth test circuit demonstrates filtering of regular line level audio:

                              Powered Speaker 
                                  LINE IN 
                                     | 
    Power --> Proto --> Filter --> Proto 
                | 
           Synthesizer 
            LINE OUT

This circuit filters incoming audio. Fortunately, the 2.5 Volt convention does not preclude a simplified signal chain, that is, a chain omitting the littleBits Microphone and Speaker modules. A filter is a filter is a filter, I guess.

Although the Filter module operates on a “regular” audio signal, the Delay module does not. Substituting the Delay module into the fourth test circuit produces nasty noise and a whine. It will process the audio (you can hear repeats, etc.), but the noise/whine is horrible. Screams like a banshee. Bummer.

Bottomline, the littleBits Filter module has potential as an add-in for a PSS-A50 mod (or any other mod) without Microphone and Speaker modules. The littleBits Delay is simply too noisy by itself; one needs the Microphone and Speaker to perform signal conversion. As to the Filter, I need to explore alternatives for modulation. Experiments with using the Oscillator module as an LFO were underwhelming. So far, I haven’t successfully cobbled together an envelope following or audio-trigger envelope. Stay tuned.

Interested in littleBits synth control signals?

Customizing the Sonogenic voice editor

Posted on March 22, 2021 by pj

Back to the Yamaha SHS-500 Sonogenic voice editor…

Thanks to Brent at Keyboard Corner for suggesting a different set of default voices in my MIDI Designer-based Sonogenic voice editor. Back when I released the editor, I was hoping that folks could customize the user interface, changing or adding their own buttons and controls. Brent downloaded the editor, got everything running, and hit a roadblock with MIDI Designer. That’s understandable because I doubt if anyone can dive right into MIDI Designer as easily as diving into the menu of a synth.

So, smart guy, how do you change bank select and program change? Here’s a sequence of screen shots that may help. [Not so easy a year later, is it? 🙂 ]

MIDI Designer ordinarily runs in its operational mode, that is, the buttons, sliders and other controls are live and send MIDI. In order to make changes, one needs to enter Design Mode (edit mode). With the Sonogenic voice editor loaded, tap the More menu button, then tap the Design button under “Tools”.

You should see a floating button widget saying “Exit Design Mode”. If you see that, you’ll know that you’re in Design Mode.

MIDI Designer button (control) properties in Design Mode

Tap a button or other control to select it. MIDI Designer outlines the selected button (or control) in red. Double tap the button (or control) to display and change its properties.

In this case, I double tapped the “QuackLd” button. If you want to name the button something else, tap the “Label” field and change the button name.

To send a different MIDI message, tap the MIDI icon in the lower left corner of the Properties dialog box. MIDI Designer should display the control’s MIDI properties. The Sonogenic QuackLd voice has the following bank select and program change values:

Bank select MSB: 0
Bank select LSB: 112
Program change: 84

Values for the other SHS-500 preset voices are listed in the Yamaha Sonogenic SHS-500 Reference Manual.

Tap the “MIDI Off → On” field to edit the program change value. Tap the “Channel – Bank #” field to change the MIDI channel, bank select MSB value and bank select LSB value. You should probably leave the channel value alone.

MIDI Designer channel and bank select dialog box

The “Channel, Bank MSB, LSB” dialog box displays three spinning number dials (kind of like a slot machine) where the first column is MIDI channel, the second column is bank select MSB and the third column is bank select LSB. Spin the dials to get the setting you want. Tap the return arrow in the upper left corner when you’re finished. To leave a dialog box, just tap a blank area in the user interface background.

Tapping the Actions icon in the lower right corner of the Properties dialog box displays MIDI Designer actions. Use the “Delete” action to delete the control. Use “Copy” and “Make Similar” to copy the control.

The buttons for the Sonogenic General MIDI (GM) voices are similar. Here, I selected and double tapped the “Vibraphone” button.

Again, tapping the MIDI icon in the dialog box displays the MIDI message properties for the button. The GM voices adhere to the GM standard program change values. However, you must send zero for both bank select MSB and LSB to properly switch the Sonogenic.

Tap the Exit Design Mode button to leave Design Mode. Then test your changes with the Sonogenic. Also, you probably should save the modified MIDI Designer interface following the directions in my original article.

Hopefully, this tutorial is enough to get you started with customization!

Review: Roland Micro Cube GX for keyboard

Posted on September 4, 2020 by pj

You’ll find plenty of rave on-line reviews for the Roland Micro Cube GX — the go-to battery-powered practice amp for guitar.You won’t find a review covering the Micro Cube GX as a portable keyboard practice amp — until now.

Here’s a quick rundown (from the Roland site):

Compact guitar amp with a 5 inch (12cm) custom-designed speaker
3 Watt rated output power
Eight COSM amp tones, including the ultra-heavy EXTREME amp
Eight DSP effects, including HEAVY OCTAVE and dedicated DELAY/REVERB with spring emulation
MEMORY function for saving favorite amp and effects settings
i-CUBE LINK jack provides audio interfacing with Apple’s iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch
Free CUBE JAM app for iOS
Chromatic tuner built in
Runs on battery power (6xAA) or supplied AC adapter; carrying strap included
6 pounds (2.7kg)

I haven’t tried the Roland CUBE JAM application yet, so I’ll be concentrating on the amplifier itself. The included 3.5mm cable is the usual 4 conductor affair although it’s rather short. Roland also includes the AC adapter.

I’ve been searching for a good portable, battery-powered keyboard rig for quite some time. On the keyboard side, the line-up includes Yamaha Reface YC, Yamaha SHS-500 Sonogenic and Korg MicroKorg XL+. Although the YC and Sonogenic have built-in speakers, their sound quality is decidedly inadequate and poor quality. The MicroKorg XL+ doesn’t have built-in speakers. All three keyboards have mini-keys and are battery-powered.

To this point, I’ve been using a JBL Charge 2 Bluetooth speaker.The JBL has solid bass, but its output volume is easily overwhelmed during living room jams. It’s been a good side-kick, but I found myself wanting.

Roland Micro Cube GX and Yamaha SHS-500 Sonogenic

So, the latest addition is the Roland Micro Cube GX. Without comments from fellow keyboard players, buying the GX was a risk. Guitar amps are notoriously voiced for electric (or acoustic) guitar tone. Like the GX, you’ll typically find amp and cabinet simulators that help a guitar player chase their “tone.” The GX, however, includes a “MIC” amp type in addition to the usual 3.5mm stereo AUX input. Fortunately, my intuition was correct and the “MIC” setting does not add too much coloration.

Of course, there is some compromise in sound quality. The amp puts out 3W max through a 5 inch speaker (no coaxial or separate tweeter). Needless to say, you don’t hear much high frequency “air.” The GX cabinet does have a forward-facing bass port, producing acceptable bass even with B-3 organ. No, you will not go full Keith Emerson or Jon Lord with this set-up. 🙂 I first tested the GX with Yamaha MODX and found the B-3 to be acceptable.

Volume-wise, yes, you can get loud — too loud for your bedroom or ear-health. Bass heavy sounds can get buzzy. For clean acoustic instruments, I recommend the “MIC” amp setting. The reverb is pleasant enough and adds depth to my normally dry live patches. The delay is a nice alternative to the reverb ranging from reverb-like echo to explicit (non-tempo synch’ed) repeats.

I find the Sonogenic/Micro Cube GX combination to be the most fun. The SHS-500 has DSP effects, but they are rather tentative, as if Yamaha is afraid to offend anyone. That’s where the GX makes a good companion for the Sonogenic. Feel free to dial in the Jazz Chorus amp with the jazz guitar patch or a British stack with electric guitar. Or, try any of the modulation effects on the Sonogenic’s electric piano. Working with the GX is a far more intuitive and rewarding experience than the built-in Sonogenic DSP effects. You can cover Steely Dan EP to Clapton with this rig!

I have to call out the Heavy Octave and Spring reverb effects. You’ll find them at the right-most position of the modulation (EFX) and delay/reverb knobs, respectively. You can think of them as “going up to eleven.” The spring reverb is decent and you can throw the Heavy Octave onto just about anything to thicken up the sound.

Overall build quality is good. The Micro Cube GX feels solid. A metal grill protects the speaker. The knobs have a pleasant resistance and don’t feel cheap. The only not-so-robust feature is the battery compartment and its cover. As long as you avoid heavy abuse, you should be OK.

For the money, $160USD, it’s a decent sounding, inexpensive package. Given the physical cabinet, output power and speaker size, one should adjust expectations. However, if you’re a keyboardist and need a light, portable, battery-powered amp, the Roland Micro Cube GX is worth a try.

Sonogenic voice editor

Posted on February 18, 2020 by pj

The Yamaha SHS-500 Sonogenic is a good sounding syntheizer which lets you jam along with ChordTracker songs. The SHS-500 includes a General MIDI Level 1 multi-timbral tone generator that is accessible over MIDI (Bluetooth, 5-pin or USB). Yamaha doesn’t promote the General MIDI capability, but it’s there!

Update: I added a post showing how to customize the Sonogenic voice editor user interface.

The Sonogenic lacks three critical features that one finds in a typical desktop synth:

Although the Sonogenic has 28 great voices and two drum kits built-in, it lacks many important instruments like organ, double reeds, tuned percussion and soft synth pads.
Internal voices cannot be edited, e.g., attack, filter cutoff and so forth cannot be adjusted.
The chorus and reverb types are preselected and cannot be changed.
Edits and changes cannot be stored into and recalled from user memory slots.

This is the ideal situation for a tablet-based app.

MIDI Designer is an iPad-based tool which supports creation and use of MIDI voice editors and controllers called “layouts.” Users have built and shared layouts for many popular synths. Now, I’m pleased to add the SHS-500 Sonogenic layout. With this layout, you can play the General MIDI (GM) voices, change reverb and chorus types, edit General MIDI (GM) voices and save all of your work in MIDI Designer presets. If you turn Sonogenic LOCAL sound generation on, you can layer an internal voice with a GM voice.

This post describes the Sonogenic layout. I recommend reading my post about MIDI Designer to Sonogenic communications (MIDI flow) first. It will help you to understand the relationship between the SHS-500 and the MIDI Designer Sonogenic layout. The write-up may even inspire a new way of using MIDI Designer with Sonogenic.

One thing that’s nice about MIDI Designer and layouts — you can customize them. So, if you want to modify my layout, don’t hesitate. First, though, you should read my post describing Sonogenic’s MIDI implementation. Then you will know more about the MIDI messages behind the layout’s controls.

Click this link to download my Sonogenic layout for MIDI Designer. Use iTunes file sharing to install the layout in MIDI Designer. I plan to upload the Sonogenic layout to the MIDI Designer web site.

Connection

Although you could connect by USB or 5-pin MIDI, the Sonogenic, MIDI Designer and Bluetooth MIDI are made for each other.

First, launch the free midimittr app which acts as a bridge between Sonogenic, Bluetooth MIDI and MIDI Designer. midimitter lets MIDI Designer echo Sonogenic’s MIDI note on/off, modulation and pitch bend messages back to the Sonogenic. You should turn Sonogenic LOCAL off unless you intend to layer a Sonogenic voice with a GM voice.

Next, launch MIDI Designer and make connections to midimittr as shown in the screenshot above. Then load the Sonogenic layout into MIDI Designer. You should be ready to go at this point.

Voices and effects

The Sonogenic layout is separated into three tabs: Effects, Voice and Voice Edit. (See the screenshot below.) Effect-related controls are on the left-hand side of the screen and voice-related controls (tabbed pages) are on the right-hand side.

Selecting a GM voice

The Sonogenic has a strict division between its keyboard sound and the General MIDI sounds over MIDI. You can think of the keyboard sound and GM sounds as two distinct tone generators, each with their own controls. The keyboard sound is selected and controlled through the Sonogenic front panel. The GM sound(s) is selected and controlled by the MIDI Designer layout.

The Voice page has an array of voice buttons. The 28 buttons at the top of the page select one of the preset “panel” voices. The two large buttons in the middle select one of the two preset panel drum kits. The buttons at the bottom of the page select a voice from the General MIDI sound set.

Please note: if you select a panel voice on the Voice page, you are changing the current General MIDI sound. The Sonogenic keyboard sound remains the same. The separation may seem artifical, but it lets us layer two sounds: the keyboard sound and a General MIDI sound.

The Sonogenic panel voices are generally better-sounding than the equivalent GM voice. The layout provides direct access to the panel voices while providing 12 buttons which can be customized for your own favorite GM voices. Of course, you’ll need to learn how to edit the GM buttons…

Effects

The large buttons on the Effects page choose the current reverb and chorus type. Like the voice buttons, the reverb and chorus effect type buttons are “radio buttons,” i.e., you can select only one effect type at a time within the reverb group or chorus group.

The reverb (Rev) and chorus (Cho) sliders adjust the reverb and chorus level for the General MIDI sound. [By the way, the GM voice and its effect levels are on MIDI channel 1.] Change the amount of reverb or chorus effect here. The sliders do not affect the keyboard sound — only the GM sound.

Changing the chorus and reverb type also affects the keyboard sound because the chorus and reverb units are shared by the keyboard sound and the GM tone generator. Reverb and chorus level only affect the GM sound [MIDI channel 1].

The four small buttons are utility buttons:

XG On: Sends an XG System reset to the GM tone generator. This resets the voice (acoustic piano) and all internal MIDI controller values.
Local: Turns Sonogenic LOCAL CONTROL on and off.
All Off: Turns off all notes which may be sounding — a panic button.
C3: Plays the MIDI note C3. Good for testing edits and changes.

Use the XG On button sparingly. The GM tone generator and layout do not automatically re-synchronize with each other.

Voice editing

The Voice Edit page is where you adjust basic voice characteristics like volume (Vol), attack time (Atk), release time (Rel), filter frequency (Freq) and filter resonance (Res). You can spruce things up with these controls. The attack, release, frequency and resonance controls behave like “quick edit” controls, that is, they are offsets from the preset voice parameter values. The middle position (64) specifies a zero offset leaving the original value unchanged. Higher values add an offset and lower values subtract an offset. So, if you want to increase attack time, move the attack slider up. If you want to shorten attack time, move the attack slider down.

Portamento adds a glide between notes. Press “Porta On” to turn portamento on and press “Porta Off” to turn portamento off. The portamento time slider (Porta Time) sets the glide time.

The velocity sensitivity knobs change how the voice responds to MIDI note velocity (touch). The two voice parameters are:

Velocity Sense Depth (VelDepth)
Velocity Sense Offset (VelOffset)

Please see Yamaha’s explanation in the figure below.

Organ voices, in particular, should not respond to velocity, i.e., a note is either on or off. To achieve this kind of touch response, set velocity sense depth to zero and set velocity sense offset to a value in the range 110 to 127.

The keyboard voices have a default volume which is louder than the General MIDI voices. You may need to set the volume slider (Vol) above 100 in order to get a better balance (mix) between panel and GM voices.

MIDI Designer presets

MIDI Designer itself implements preset storage and recall. A MIDI Designer preset is a snapshot of all the current values in a layout. Here’s a typical usage scenario:

Select a voice.
Select and adjust chorus and reverb effects.
Tweak the voice (e.g., change filter cutoff, etc.)
Save the finished voice as a MIDI Designer preset.

It’s easy to save a preset. Press the more button, press the “Save” button at the bottom of the drop-down menu, and then press one of the ten preset buttons. To recall a preset, simply press more followed by the desired preset button.

MIDI Designer has two groups of presets: regular and alternative. There are ten preset slots in each group, so you get twenty presets total. The Alt button selects the alternative group.

Potential issue: Portamento sometimes stays on (or off) after selecting a preset that changes portamento state. [I’m still investigating.]

Limitations

I experimented with several other controls of the kind normally found on a desktop synth. Unfortunately, the SHS-500 MIDI implementation is rather limited. Here are some known shortcomings:

Transpose and note shift
DSP effect control
Mono and poly mode selection

Should I make any progress with these deficiencies, I will issue an update.

Sonogenic UI MIDI flow

Posted on January 23, 2020 by pj

My Yamaha SHS-500 Sonogenic user interface (UI) is coming along quite well and is nearly complete. Before presenting the UI itself, I want to explain the overall concept of operation from the MIDI perspective.

The diagram below shows the flow of MIDI messages between the Sonogenic and the apps running on the iPad. The iPad and Sonogenic exchange MIDI messages over Bluetooth MIDI (BLE MIDI).

The two iPad apps are MIDI Designer and midimittr. Although MIDI Designer is Bluetooth MIDI capable, it is not able to echo incoming MIDI note on, note off and modulation messages back to the Sonogenic. For that, we need the (free) midimittr app. midimittr is launched first and makes the connection to the Sonogenic. In Bluetooth terms, midimittr is the “Central” and the Sonogenic is the “Peripheral.” MIDI Designer is launched after midimittr and virtual MIDI connections in and out are made to midimittr. THRU is turned on.

Thus, midimittr acts as a bi-directional pipe for incoming and outgoing MIDI messages (i.e., incoming and outgoing with respect to MIDI Designer.) MIDI Designer along with midimittr forms a MIDI loop-back.

Back in the Sonogenic, keyboard and modulation control messages are sent to the MIDI OUT link and, under the control of the LOCAL ON/OFF switch, are sent to the Tone Generator. If LOCAL is ON, keyboard messages are sent to the Tone Generator. If LOCAL is OFF, keyboard messages only go out on MIDI and no sound is initiated.

In this design, the Sonogenic transmits outgoing MIDI messages on channel 1. MIDI Designer also sends its messages on channel 1. The net effect of the loop-back is to merge messages sent by the Sonogenic with messages sent by MIDI Designer.

The incoming MIDI message stream always goes to the Tone Generator. Along this path, the Tone Generator implements a General MIDI Level 1, 16-channel synthesizer. All channel 1 messages are recognized and interpreted by the Tone Generator whether they originated within the Sonogenic or MIDI Designer.

The incoming MIDI messages and the keyboard messages (when LOCAL is ON) are received by the Tone Generator via two separate and independent ports.

The keyboard port is not one of the 16 MIDI channels. Panel voice selection and DSP effect control are available through this port. No General MIDI control is possible through this port.
The General MIDI message port handles all 16 channels including channel 1 which carries the merged messages from the Sonogenic loop-back and MIDI Designer. General MIDI messages cannot change the panel voice or DSP effect.

Now you can see why MIDI Designer loops Sonogenic MIDI messages back to the tone generator. And, you can see why there are certain limitations.

However, we do gain one advantage by having two such independent tone generator ports. If LOCAL is turned ON, you can layer a panel voice (selected on the Sonogenic) with a GM voice (selected in MIDI Designer). Want a phat stacked synth? You got it. Want to layer EPiano over strings? You got it.

The MIDI Designer UI lets you select and edit General MIDI voices. You can also select among all of the available chorus and reverb types. Thanks to MIDI Designer’s preset capability, you can save and recall the edited voices. The Sonogenic does not have patch editing or patch storage.

I hope this explanation is helpful. Soon, I will dive into the MIDI Designer interface.

SHS-500 Sonogenic MIDI

Posted on January 21, 2020 by pj

The Yamaha SHS-500 Sonogenic has hidden (undocumented) MIDI abilities! This post covers “What mother didn’t tell you.” I’m working on a MIDI Designer-based user interface for the SHS-500 and spent time exploring its MIDI implementation. Here’s the results.

For those who are “tl:dr”, The MIDI implementation is similar to (based on?) the Yamaha PSR-E463/-EW410. If you continue reading, you’ll learn a few new things about the E-series models, too.

General MIDI tone generation

The big news, of course, is the built-in General MIDI Level 1 tone generator. You can use the SHS-500 as a full 16-channel, multi-timbral General MIDI (GM) sound source (GM System On/Reset):

    F0 7E 7F 09 01 F7

You can also enable and select the panel voices by putting the Sonogenic into its ultra-light XG mode (XG System On):

    F0 43 10 4C 00 00 7E 00 F7

I won’t reproduce the GM voice table here nor the list of SHS-500 panel voices. Consult the SHS-500 Reference Manual for the bank select and program change values needed for panel voice selection.

Chorus and reverb effects

Like the E463/EW410, the Sonogenic implements a smattering of basic chorus and reverb effect types. Reverb type is selected by a MIDI message of the form:

    F0 43 10 4C 02 01 00 MSB LSB F7

The reverb types are:

                MSB  LSB  SysEx                        
                ---  ---  ----------------------------- 
    No effect     0    0 
    Hall 1        1    0  F0 43 10 4C 02 01 00 01 00 F7 
    Hall 4 *      1    1                       0  01 
    Hall 2        1   16                       01 10 
    Hall 3        1   17                       01 11    
    Cathedral *   1   23                       01 17 
    Room          2    0                       02 00 
    Room 3 *      2    7                       02 07 
    Room 1        2   17                       02 11 
    Room 2        2   19                       02 13    
    Stage         3    0                       03 00    
    Stage 1       3   16                       03 10    
    Stage 2       3   17                       03 11    
    Plate         4    0                       04 00    
    Plate 1       4   16                       04 10   
    Plate 2       4   17                       04 11

Please note the three reverbs added in the E463 (Hall 4, Cathedral, Room 3).

Chorus type is selected using a MIDI message of the form:

    F0 43 10 4C 02 01 20 MSB LSB F7

The chorus effect types are:

             MSB  LSB  SysEx 
             ---  ---  -----------------------------    
 No Effect     0    0    
 Chorus 3     65    0  F0 43 10 4C 02 01 20 41 00 F7    
 Chorus 2     65    2                       41 02       
 Celeste      66    0                       42 00       
 Chorus 1     66   17                       42 11       
 Flanger      67    0                       43 00       
 Flanger 1    67    8                       43 08       
 Flanger 2    67   17                       43 11

Unfortunately, Yamaha have not given us a way to select the DSP effect type. The Sonogenic does not implement CC#94 which is needed to control variation send when the variation effect is configured in system mode. I performed many experiments trying to enable the DSP effect as an insertion effect, failing all attempts. Yamaha’s MIDI set-up (for SMFs) on the E463 does not contain DSP configuration. So, I think we’re hosed when it comes to DSP effects via MIDI.

I couldn’t find a way to change the Master EQ through MIDI.

MIDI Continuous Controllers

The SHS-500 Sonogenic implements the following MIDI Continuous Controller (CC) messages:

 CC#  Function / purpose
 ---  ----------------------------------------------- 
  0  Bank Select (MSB) 
  1  Modulation 
  5  Portamento Time 
  6  Data Entry (MSB) 
  7  Main volume (channel volume) 
 10  Pan  11  Expression  32  Bank Select (LSB) 
 38  Data Entry (LSB) 
 64  Sustain (Off: 0 to 63, On: 64 to 127) 
 65  Portamento On/Off (Off: 0 to 63, On: 64 to 127) 
 71  Resonance 
 72  Release Time 
 73  Attack Time 
 74  Cutoff Frequency 
 84  Portamento Control (amount of portamento) 
 91  Reverb depth (Effect 1 Depth) 
 93  Chorus depth (Effect 3 Depth) 
 96  RPN/NRPN data increment 
 97  RPN/NRPN data decrement
100  Registered Parameter Number (RPN) LSB 
101  Registered Parameter Number (RPN) MSB 
120  All Sound Off 
121  Reset All Controllers 
122  Local On/Off switch (Off: 0 to 63, On: 64 to 127) 
123  All Notes Off 
124  Omni Off 
125  Omni On 
126  Mono (0 to 16) 
127  Poly

These CC channel messages are pretty standard. Without deep diving, note that CC#91 and CC#93 set the reverb depth and chorus depth, respectively. It’s still possible to have a lot of fun with CC#71, CC#72, CC#73, and CC#74 for voice editing. However, you’ll have to find a way to save your edits since the Sonogenic doesn’t have any user patch memory. I’m hoping to edit and save patches through my MIDI Designer user interface.

Sadly, there isn’t a way to control vibrato. It would be nice to control vibrato rate and depth, but what you hear is what you get. The best one can do is to control vibrato depth via CC#1 modulation.

Registered Parameter Numbers

The Sonogenic implements the General MIDI Registered Parameter Numbers (RPNs):

RPN MSB  RPN LSB  Function / purpose 
-------  -------  ------------------------------------- 
   0        0     Pitch Bend Range 
   0        1     Fine Tuning 
   0        2     Coarse Tuning 
   0        5     Modulation Sensitivity

I tested only coarse tuning as a means to achieve transpose.

No Non-Registered Parameter Numbers (NRPN) are supported.

Utility messages

The PSR-E463 MIDI Reference lists a few “utility” messages:

MIDI Master Volume
MIDI Master Tuning
Local ON/OFF

I tested Local ON/OFF and the Sonogenic responds to it. (The SHS-500 MIDI implementation chart shows this message as recognized).

None of the General MIDI Level 2 messages are implemented, e.g., Master Coarse Tuning. Thus, options for transpose (note shift) are limited.

XG extensions

I spent a fair bit of time searching for Yamaha XG extensions. Almost all XG extensions are ignored except velocity sense control:

Velocity Sense Depth (Part: 1, Default: 64)
    F0 43 10 4C 08 00 0C vv F7 
Velocity Sense Offset (Part: 1, Default: 64) 
    F0 43 10 4C 08 00 0C vv F7

I’m glad velocity sens control is supported. Organ voices, in particular, do not respond to key touch. If you want to turn off touch response in a MIDI channel, try:

    Velocity Sense Depth: 0 
    Velocity Sense Offset: 115 to 127

Both parameters default to 64 (Hex 0x40).

Based upon my analysis of E463 song set-up messages, the Sonogenic is likely to support XG Scale Tune messages.

Display chord name

You’ve probably seen demonstrations of Chord Tracker driving the SHS-500. Chord Tracker communicates chord names to the Sonogenic over MIDI. It uses the same SysEx chord name message as the Genos/PSR series keyboards. For example, the following two messages send “Dm7” and “G7” to the Sonogenic.

F0 43 7E 02 32 0A 32 0A F7     Dm7
F0 43 7E 02 35 13 35 13 F7     G7

Chord names are displayed when the Sonogenic is in Jam Mode.

Here is Yamaha’s definition of the chord name messages as taken from the Genos Data List PDF:

F0 43 7E tt d1 d2 d3 d4 F7     Type1 (tt=02) 
    11110000 F0 = Exclusive status 
    01000011 43 = YAMAHA ID 
    01111110 7E = Style 
    00000010 02 = type 1 
    0ddddddd d1 = chord root (cr) 
    0ddddddd d2 = chord type (ct) 
    0ddddddd d3 = bass note (bn) 
    0ddddddd d4 = bass type (bt) 
    11110111 F7 = End of Exclusive 

    cr : Chord Root 0fffnnnn 
        fff: b or #, nnnn: note(root) 
        0000nnnn 0n bbb           0fff0000 x0 reserved 
        0001nnnn 1n bb            0fff0001 x1 C 
        0010nnnn 2n b             0fff0010 x2 D 
        0011nnnn 3n natural       0fff0011 x3 E 
        0100nnnn 4n #             0fff0100 x4 F 
        0101nnnn 5n ##            0fff0101 x5 G 
        0110nnnn 6n ###           0fff0110 x6 A 
                                  0fff0111 x7 B 

    ct : Chord Type 0 to 34, 127 
        00000000 00 0 Maj         00010010 12 18 dim7 
        00000001 01 1 Maj6        00010011 13 19 7th 
        00000010 02 2 Maj7        00010100 14 20 7sus4 
        00000011 03 3 Maj7(#11)   00010101 15 21 7b5 
        00000100 04 4 Maj(9)      00010110 16 22 7(9) 
        00000101 05 5 Maj7(9)     00010111 17 23 7(#11) 
        00000110 06 6 Maj6(9)     00011000 18 24 7(13) 
        00000111 07 7 aug         00011001 19 25 7(b9) 
        00001000 08 8 min         00011010 1A 26 7(b13) 
        00001001 09 9 min6        00011011 1B 27 7(#9) 
        00001010 0A 10 min7       00011100 1C 28 Maj7aug 
        00001011 0B 11 min7b5     00011101 1D 29 7aug 
        00001100 0C 12 min(9)     00011110 1E 30 1+8 
        00001101 0D 13 min7(9)    00011111 1F 31 1+5 
        00001110 0E 14 min7(11)   00100000 20 32 sus4  
        00001111 0F 15 minMaj7    00100001 21 33 1+2+5 
        00010000 10 16 minMaj7(9) 00100010 22 34 cc 
        00010001 11 17 dim 

    bn: On Bass Note Same as Chord root; 127:N o bass chord 
    bt: Bass Chord Same as Chord type; 127: No bass chord

MIDI Realtime messages

The SHS-500 Sonogenic sends the following MIDI Realtime Messages:

Start (0xFA): Jam mode only, when play/pause is pushed while stopped
Stop (0xFC): Jam mode only, when play/pause is pushed while playing
Active Sense (0xFE)
MIDI Timing Clock (0xF8)

Miscellaneous messages

The Sonogenic sends the following message when tuning is changed via the function menu:

    F0 43 10 27 30 00 00 08 00 00 F7

The Sonogenic responds to the MIDI Identity Request message:

    F0 7E dd 06 01 F7

It returns an Identity Reply message:

    F0 7E dd 06 02 vv ff ff mm mm ss ss ss ss F7
        vv    Manufacturer (vendor)
        ff    Family
        mm    Model
        ss    Version

    F0 7E 7F 06 02 43 00 44 23 1F 00 00 00 6F F7 
                   vv ff ff mm mm ss ss ss ss

Summary

Overll, there are enough messages to be dangerous! I already have a prototype patch editor constructed in MIDI Designer. In addition to MIDI Designer, I’m running the free midimittr iPad app in order to send the Sonogenic’s note on, note off and modulation messages back to itself. midimittr merges the Sonogenic’s messages with the editing and control messages from MIDI Designer. No wires — it’s all transmitted over Bluetooth MIDI. Patches are stored and recalled using MIDI Designer presets.

So, I say, dive right in! The SHS-500 offers more than what’s document in the manuals.

Sonogenic: General MIDI

Posted on January 13, 2020 by pj

After jamming with the Yamaha SHS-500 Sonogenic, I’m glad that I chose it over the Yamaha PSS-A50. Sure, the A50 could be fun, but the Sonogenic panel voices are definitely step up from the A50. The Rhodes electric piano sounds great and I’m warming to the synth voices like Analogon — good for classic R&B, soul and funk. I love the mellow jazz guitar, too. One minor gripe so far. When I play the Sonogenic in my lap, it tends to slide and get away from my hands where as Reface YC stays put.

For brevity, I will refer to the SHS-500 as the “Sonogenic” in this post. Yamaha also makes the SHS-300 Sonogenic. The SHS-300 is not as robust as the model 500 and has a smaller set of decidedly lower quality voices. The model 300 is at home with its peers in the PSS family like the PSS-E30 Remie.

I make light of my obsessive pre-purchase analysis, but one observation paid off. The Sonogenic Owner’s Manual mentions “General MIDI System Level 1” compatibility on page 8 and includes GM compatibility in the product specifications. Yamaha don’t make such claims lightly and I wasn’t disappointed.

The SHS-500 has a 16 channel General MIDI tone generator built in! I successfully played back General MIDI (GM) compatible Standard MIDI Files (SMF) through the Sonogenic. (DAW: An old version of Sonar.) Missing organ, oboe or vibraphone? You can find them in the GM sound set. The SHS-500 responds to the GM System On System Exclusive (SysEx) message:

    F0 7E 7F 09 01 F7

which puts the Sonogenic MIDI interface into General MIDI mode. The Sonogenic GM tone module accepts MIDI messages from the currently selected MIDI interface: USB MIDI, wired DIN MIDI and Bluetooth MIDI.

You’re not limited to just the GM sound set over MIDI. You can also select one of the 28 panel voices (or 2 drum kits). You’ll need to embed an XG System On SysEx message at the beginning of the song file:

    F0 43 10 4C 00 00 7E 00 F7

This message makes the SHS-500 respond to MIDI bank select messages as well as program change messages. For example, if the song sends:

    Bank Select MSB: 104
    Bank Select LSB: 0 
    Program Change:  27

on MIDI channel 1, for example, then the tone generator will use the rather decent Jazz Guitar panel voice instead of the GM jazz guitar.

This is all good news, of course. However, there are limitations:

The GM sound set is available only over MIDI. You cannot select and play a GM voice via the front panel.
GM voices cannot be processed by the DSP effect. Thus, you cannot add a rotary speaker effect to a GM voice.
You cannot change the front panel voice or DSP effect via MIDI. Incoming MIDI messages affect the GM tone generator only.

The Sonogenic control architecture has inherited the quirkiness of the PSR E-series. That is, keyboard control and MIDI control are quite separate and independent.

There is some hope, however. Let’s say that you really want to play the General MIDI drawbar organ voice (MSB:0, LSB:0, PC1: 17). You can loop MIDI from the Sonogenic through an external sequencer and return the MIDI to the Sonogenic. First, you’ll need to turn LOCAL control OFF through the Sonogenic’s FUNCTION menu. Then, you need make (virtual) incoming and outgoing connections to the sequence — the equivalent of two standard MIDI cables connecting the Sonogenic with the sequencer. Then, you can select the GM drawbar organ voice on the Sonogenic’s MIDI channel (default channel one) and play the organ voice using the Sonogenic keyboard. It’s a roundabout trip, but it works.

I’m experimenting with other options like using an iPad app to loop MIDI messages back to the Sonogenic and to select panel or GM voices.

Be forewarned. The Sonogenic panel voices are significantly louder than the General MIDI voices. I haven’t decided (yet) if this is an inherent flaw nor have I found a way to boost the GM voices.

Even though Yamaha promote Chord Tracker for Sonogenic, don’t count MIDI out. The Sonogenic has a solid GM tone generator on board and you can use it to compose and/or play back MIDI songs from an external sequencer.

One final tip, if you put the Sonogenic in Jam Mode, Yamaha-specific chord name SysEx messages tell the Sonogenic to display a chord name. By placing chord name events in the MIDI song, you can jam along just like Chord Tracker only the accompaniment is coming from a MIDI sequencer instead of an audio track.

I hope to write a short summary of the MIDI messages recognized and interpreted by the SHS-500 Sonogenic. The basic synthesis engine is similar to the Yamaha PSR-E463 and PSR-EW410, minus the XGLite sound set. C’mon back!

SHS-500: Snap review

Posted on January 8, 2020 by pj

After analyzing the Yamaha SHS-500 Sonogenic from every possible angle (even the service manual!), I finally got one. On-line retailers are currently flooded with post-Christmas returns and bargains can be had. And so it was.

First, I must compliment Sweetwater for their prompt service and excellent packing. The SHS-500 was double-boxed. (The inner box was Yamaha’s original packing carton.) The unit is in excellent condition, matching Sweetwater’s assessment of its condition. Even though the inner carton has a big “DEMO” sticker on it, the Sonogenic is “like new.” Money saved and well-spent.

Since the Sonogenic was a demo, the initial settings are probably not factory. Thus, your out-of-the-box experience may be a little different than mine. I loaded the battery compartment with six AA batteries and turned it on.

Yamaha SHS-500 Sonogenic in fire-engine red

The internal speaker is not going to impress anyone. Sound quality is at roughly the same level as Reface and I never warmed to that. I’ll be playing the Sonogenic through either headphones, my trusty, portable JBL Charge 2 or a powered monitor. Sonogenic has a master EQ and it’s important to set it appropriately. My unit was set to “Line Out” and the sound through the speaker was weak. Changing to the “Speaker” EQ setting was much better. Be sure to change back to “Line Out” when connecting to an external powered monitor. (Or “Boost,” or “Mild”.)

The SHS-500 is quite solid in the hands — much better build quality than the new PSS series or the SHS-300. Key feel is comparable to Reface. After playing the Sonogenic, the PSS keys have a cheaper feel. Yes, you get what you pay for. The SHS-500 is like a Reface keytar.

Natch, the first thing was quick tour of the sounds. Every panel voice has a DSP effect. (See the table below for default assignments.) Sound quality is on-par with good PSR E-series voices and in a few cases, S-series. The SHS-500 is not a Genos. 🙂 However, the SHS-500 is better than PSS by far.

 SHS-500            Bank  Bank
 Voice               MSB   LSB  PC#  Default effect
 -----------------  ----  ----  ---  --------------
 Saw Lead 1          104    20   91  LPF
 Saw Lead 2            0   104   82  Flanger
 Quack Lead            0   112   85  DSP Chrs
 Bright Decay        104    21   85  Phaser
 Square Lead           0   112   81  Phaser
 Under Heim          104    51   88  DSP Chrs
 Analogon            104    52   82  Flanger
 Synth Brass           0   113   64  DSP Chrs
 Electric Piano      104    28    5  Phaser
 DX Electric Piano     0   112    6  DSP Chrs
 Electric Guitar     104     3   31  Dist.2
 Jazz Guitar         104     0   27  DSP Chrs
 Acoustic Guitar       0   117   26  LPF
 Electric Bass       104     6   34  LPF
 Slap Bass             0   112   37  DSP Chrs
 Synth Bass            0   112   39  Phaser
 DX Bass               0   118   40  LPF
 Piano                 0   112    2  DSP Chrs
 Piano & Strings     104    39    1  DSP Chrs
 Piano & Pad         104    40    1  DSP Chrs
 Air Choir             0   112   55  LPF
 Strings               0   116   49  DSP Chrs
 Brass                 0   117   63  DSP Chrs
 Trumpet               0   115   57  HPF
 Flute                 0   115   74  LPF
 Alto Sax            104     2   66  LPF
 Tenor Sax           104     3   67  LPF
 Harmonica             0   112   23  Tremolo
 House Kit           127     0   65  LPF
 Power Kit           127     0   88  LPF

The House Kit has the same program selection numbers as the House Kit in the PSR-E463 and PSR-EW410. These instruments and the SHS-500 are the only ones with this “House Kit.” Go figure.

My favorite voices are the Electric Piano, Jazz Guitar, Electric Bass, Synth Bass, Piano & Pad, Strings, Flute, Tenor Sax and Harmonica. Electric Piano with the Tremolo DSP effect is nice. Can’t wait to try these out with my backing tracks. Here’s a few more snap opinions.

I’ve never been that excited by the PSR synth voices although Quack Lead, Under Heim and Analogon can be fun. Drop Quack Lead down an octave or two for an alternative synth bass.
The electric guitar is OK and the DSP distortion effect is welcome versus a static sampled overdriven guitar. However, the DSP effect is not up to the PSR S-series, Genos or MODX, that’s for sure. It’s an early Yamaha algorithm.
The main piano is bright — think “house.” The piano in the layered voices is warmer.
The tenor sax needs to be played stylistically. The low end gets into baritone territory — a plus.
The harmonica is decent enough to go a little Jon Batiste or Stevie with the thing.
A few of the voices (e.g., flute, tenor sax) have vibrato sampled in. If you’re a PSR-type person, you’ll recognize these as “Sweet!”
The LPF is a bit of a let-down. One can hear changes due to cut-off, but a certain dynamic aspect is missing.

The DSP effects sound a little over-done. It’s easy enough to strip the effect off by dialing it out with the Effect Control knob. One might get tired of doing this after every voice change, which is why I want to experiment with MIDI Designer as a graphical front end for the Sonogenic.

In addition to the default DSP effect, the Sonogenic sets the octave which is appropriate (in some sound designer’s view) for the instrument. Change the voice and you change the octave, too. Depending upon the scenario, this could be a drag. There isn’t a way to go directly to a voice; you need to spin the Select knob and step through the voices — another motivation for a MIDI Designer front-end.

Jack positions all seem well thought out. The USB and MIDI DIN connector are hidden behind a rubbery cover. The MIDI DIN connector is the same as the Reface connector and takes the same breakout adapter to produce 5-pin IN and OUT.

The audio Line Out is mono. (Yes, mono, according to the Service Manual.) The headphone output is stereo. If you need stereo, give the headphone output a try. Dunno if the waveforms or effects are stereo, but the stereo signals are sent to the headphone jack. (The DAC is an AK4430ET, BTW.)

The SHS-500 includes a PA-130 power adapter. I have a PA-150 plugged in at all times and it works just fine with the SHS. The PA-150 supplies the same voltage and has a higher amp rating. All good.

Overall, the Sonogenic SHS-500 is worth the (reduced) price. Will I take it to rehearsals? Heck, yeah! It’s a shame that Yamaha left at least one organ patch out of the voice set. There is enough here for those weeks when organ is not in the church gig spotlight. Almost wish the SHS-500 and Reface YC were combined into the same ax…

SHS-300: The PSS keytar?

Posted on December 16, 2019 by pj

I made a little more progress delineating Yamaha’s mini-key product lines. The PSS series is built for low manufacturing cost. Thanks to PSS-E30 (Remie) and PSS-A50 tear-downs, we know that the PSS series is based on the ultra-small, relatively inexpensive SWLL (YWM-830) processor.

So, what to make of the Yamaha SHS-300 and SHS-500 keytars?

The SHS-300 shares the same basic spec as the PSS series: 32 voice polyphony, 8cm speaker, only one effect (reverb), no MIDI, no Bluetooth, etc. Sound quality is comparable to the PSS series. I suspect that the SHS-300 is based on the SWLL, too.

The SHS-500, however, has a much better spec: 48 voice polyphony, MIDI and audio over USB, MIDI over Bluetooth BLE, 9 DSP effects, Master EQ, chorus, reverb, etc. A glance at the SHS-500 service manual shows that the SHS-500 has much in common with the current PSR E-series keyboards, including the SWX03 processor.

If I get the time, I’ll write a quick post about SHS-500 internals.

The SHS-500 is definitely a cut above the SHS-300 in build quality, sound, MIDI capability and tweak-ability. I’m sorely tempted to take a bite of the apple. NAMM, however, is fast approaching (16-19 January 2020) and good sense tells me to wait. Yamaha’s pre-show press release promises 75 new products including a new family-oriented home keyboard.

Sand, software and sound

Electronics and computing for the fun of it

Tag Archives: Yamaha SHS-500