ChordPro to MIDI accompaniment: Demo

Posted on December 17, 2021 by pj

Work continues on my Java program to translate ChordPro songs to Yamaha accompaniment (SMF). The code is fairly stable and mostly I’ve been writing example songs in ChordPro format for testing. The range and variety of musical craziness is amazing: weird chords (“Superstition”, “Michelle”), changing time signatures (“Two Of Us”), changing key signatures (“My Girl”), unusual time signature (“Everybody Wants To Rule The World”), and more.

Today, I want to give a taste of what to expect. I plan to distribute the Java executable as a “jar” file and will also make the source code available. To keep things simple, the program runs from a command line — no graphical user interface:

    java -jar cp2mid.jar ItsTooLate.cho

The program is named “cp2mid” and “cp2mid.jar” is the Java executable. We need to invoke java explicitly because it is an interpreted language and the executable consists of Java bytecodes.

The above command produces a Type 0 Standard MIDI File (SMF) named “ItsTooLate.mid”. This file must be sent to a Yamaha arranger like Genos™ by whatever means you have at your disposal, i.e., a USB flash drive or Yamaha Musicsoft Downloader.

Here is the first part of “ItsTooLate.cho”. The song begins with set-up directives including “{stylecode: }”, which selects the accompaniment style (“Cool8Beat”). You could leave out key, time, tempo, or stylecode and go with the current panel settings. This flexibility allows experiments with different tempos or different styles, including USER styles.

{t: It's Too Late }   
{key: Am}   
{artist:Carole King} 
{time: 4/4} 
{tempo: 104} 
# Style: Cool8Beat 
{stylecode: 5635} 

{start_accomp} 
[Am7][*IA] 

# Introduction (intro riff) 
{start_of_instrumental} 
[Am7][*MA] [D6] [Am7] [D6]   
{end_of_instrumental} 

{c: Verse 1}  
[Am7] Stayed in bed all morning just to [D6] pass the time. 
[Am7] There's something wrong here there can [D6] be no denying. 
[Am7] One of us is changing    
Or [Gm7] maybe we've just stopped [Fmaj7] trying. [Fmaj7][*FA] 

{start_of_chorus} 
And it's too [Bbmaj7][*MB] late baby now [Fmaj7] it's too late    
Though we [Bbmaj7] really did try to [Fmaj7] make it.    
[Bbmaj7] Something inside has [Fmaj7] died    
And I can't hide [Dm7] and I just can't [Esus4:2][*FB] fake it. [E7#9:2]
{end_of_chorus}

The screenshot above shows the Genos song player with “ItsTooLate.mid” loaded and ready. Choose either the Lyrics or Score display (optional). Then hit play!

The next screenshot shows the Lyrics display. It should look familiar if you have played a Yamaha arranger. The arranger highlights the current lyric syllable or phrase in time with playback. Compare the screenshot with the ChordPro song and you’ll get an idea of what to expect for each ChordPro construct. A lyric phrase is not broken into syllables, but is associated with the chord preceding the phrase.

The following screenshot shows the Score display. It’s a different view of the same song. Lyrics appear below the staff and chords appear above. The time and key signature are displayed on the first page. Follow the bouncing ball during playback.

So, how does it sound? Listen to a quick demo (MP3) with me noodling on top.

That’s a taste of what’s ahead. I hope you will try cp2mid when it’s ready.

ChordPro auto-accompaniment: MIDI messages

Posted on December 14, 2021 by pj

I’ve made quite a bit of progress with my Java program that translates extended ChordPro songs into a Yamaha-compatible accompaniment MIDI file. This blog post describes the stuff inside the MIDI files produced by the program (cp2mid).

The MIDI file contains MIDI meta and SysEx (System Exclusive) messages which drive the Yamaha accompaniment engine. When the MIDI file is played back on a compatible Yamaha arranger keyboard (e.g., Genos), the keyboard generates an accompaniment as directed by the chord and section change messages in the MIDI file. It may sound odd to hear this, but the MIDI file doesn’t contain a single note ON or note OFF message! It’s all accomplished through control messages and the accompaniment is produced in real-time.

The MIDI file is a Type 0 Standard MIDI File. It starts with a bunch of set-up messages:

  F0 05 7E 7F 09 01 F7                           GM Reset 
  F0 08 43 10 4C 00 00 7E 00 F7                  XG System ON 
  FF 58 04 04 02 18 08                           Time signature 
  FF 59 02 02 00                                 Key signature 
  FF 51 03 07 EF eb                              Tempo 
  F0 0D 43 73 01 51 05 00 03 04 00 00 2C 05 F7   Style code 
  F0 04 43 60 7A F7                              Accompaniment Start

All of these message types are defined in the Yamaha Genos™ Data List PDF document. The messages beginning with “F0” are System Exclusive (SysEx) messages. Messages starting with “FF” are MIDI SMF meta messages. All messages are Yamaha proprietary (code “43”). The trick, of course, is filling in the correct values for the tempo, key, etc.

GM Reset and XG System ON initialize the tone generator. Time signature, key signature and tempo are SMF meta messages which control and arranger’s sequencing engine. The Style Code message selects one of the many built-in accompaniment styles. The Accompaniment Start message tells the accompaniment engine to get busy.

Once set-up is complete, the rest of the MIDI file consists of Chord, Lyric and Section Control messages. Again, these messages are all defined in the Genos Data List PDF document.

Here is a typical chord message:

    F0 08 43 7E 02 37 08 37 7F F7          Chord Bm/B

It tells the accompaniment engine to play a B minor chord (0x37 0x08) with a B bass note (0x37 0x7F). The neatest thing about the ChordPro conversion program? It makes it easy to play and hear difficult to finger chords like slash chords and unusual chord types like Cminmaj7-9.

Lyrics are inserted into the MIDI file using the SMF Lyric meta message:

    FF 05 len [Data]

For example, this Lyric meta message:

    FF 05 04 79 6F 75 20      0x79='y', 0x6F='o', 0x75='u', 0x20=' '

encodes the syllable text “you “.

No attempt is made to separate lyric text into syllables or to assign syllables to individual beats. When a lyric phrase is encountered in the ChordPro file, the phrase is inserted right after the preceding Chord message, i.e., it has the same MIDI timestamp as the preceding Chord message.

A Section Control message selects the current accompaniment section (pattern). The following message:

    F0 06 43 7E 00 09 7F F7               Section Control Main B: ON

selects the “MAIN B” section (0x09 0x7F). Because playback is fully automated, section changes are precise.

The penultimate message stops accompaniment:

    F0 04 43 60 7D F7                     Accompaniment Stop

The final SMF meta message ends the SMF sequencer track:

    FF 2F 00                              End Of Track (mandatory)

Overall, that’s a lot of power with just a few message types! Most of the Java code involves scanning the ChordPro input, book- and time-keeping. Java has a good MIDI library which makes coding easier.

As to time-keeping, all MIDI events (messages) have a timestamp. Messages issued from set-up directives before start_accomp occur in the first song measure. The start_accomp directive advances the MIDI clock to the first beat of the second measure. Thus, the first chord and lyric (if any) occurs at the beginning of the second measure. Thereafter, MIDI time advances in accord with each chord beat count (default: a full measure as determined by the current time signature).

Look here for more information about ChordPro format.

ChordPro for Yamaha accompaniment

Posted on December 2, 2021 by pj

Time to take the wrapping paper off my current development project.

It starts with ChordPro. ChordPro Format is perhaps the most popular notation for rock, pop, soul and folk tunes. A ChordPro format song contains lyrics and chords, usually formatted for easy display and reading. Strummers and plinkers everywhere use ChordPro songs as lead sheets.

It ends with Yamaha Genos, Tyros and PSR accompaniment. Genos — and other recent Yamaha arrangers — play MIDI files containing chords and lyrics. Genos displays either a running score or lyrics (plus chords) during playback.

What is missing is the bridge between ChordPro and Genos. My current project is the bridge. It translates an extended ChordPro file to a MIDI file which is compatible with Genos and other mid- to high-end Yamaha arranger keyboards. So far, I have a prototype up-and-running.

I emphasized the word “extended” because ChordPro format by itself is not sufficient for playback. The format does not have a precise notion of time. ChordPro relies on the musician to interpret the song on the fly. It assumes that the musician has heard the song before and knows when to change chords. As usual with computer stuff, playback needs more precise semantics. That’s where the extensions come into play.

Since there are a gazillion ChordPro songs on the Interwebs, I wanted to play back ChordPro files with as few modifications as possible. Thus, the first rule is “Each notated chord is held for one measure.” Of course, many songs change chords within a measure, too. (Even “Louie, Louie”!) Enter the first extension. A notated chord may have an optional beat count which specifies the number of beats to hold the chord, or more precisely, the number of time divisions (quarter notes or eigth notes) to hold the chord.

As I discovered during testing, existing ChordPro song files have a fair number of warts. Sometime the chord progressions are whack. The files often have random playing directions which ChordPro happily snarfs up as lyric text. ChordPro is very forgiving as it is primarily a formatting representation and tool. The initial goal — playing a ChordPro song with just a few additions — is unrealistic; expect to do some clean-ups.

Plain, unchanging accompaniment is pretty boring after a short while. Therefore, I added annotations for section changes, fills and breaks. Certain ChordPro directives are optional, but strongly recommended: key, tempo, and time signature. Tempo and time signature obviously guide playback speed and the interpretation of chord hold time. The key signature will set the arranger’s score display to the appropriate key.

Stylecode is an extension. It is a decimal number that selects the arranger accompaniment style, .e.g., 60sVintageRock, Oldies R&R, etc. A style name would be more convenient, but then I would need to develop a style name to code database for each arranger. Forget it; keep it simple. Besides, the PSR Tutorial site has such spreadsheets — just look up the style code yourself.

Start_accomp and stop_accomp are extensions, too. Start_accomp should (must) appear after all the basic playback settings are made. When the MIDI file is played back, the arranger will start or stop the accompaniment engine as directed. Start_accomp begins playback from the second measure; the first measure is reserved for set-up.

The translation program does not implement every and all ChordPro directive. It ignores formatting related directives and it doesn’t handle tablature (tab).

Let’s put all of this together and look at an example. Here is a snippet of “It’s Too Late” by Carole King.

{t: It's Too Late } 
{key: Am}   
{artist:Carole King} 
{time: 4/4} 
{tempo: 104} 
# Style: Cool8Beat 
{stylecode: 5635}
{start_accomp} 

[Am7][*IA] 
# Introduction (intro riff) 
[Am7][*MA] [D6] [Am7] [D6]   

{c: Verse 1}  
[Am7] Stayed in bed all morning just to [D6] pass the time. 
[Am7] There's something wrong here there can [D6] be no denying. 
[Am7] One of us is changing    
Or [Gm7] maybe we've just stopped [Fmaj7] trying. [Fmaj7][*FA] 

{start_of_chorus} 
And it's too [Bbmaj7][*MB] late baby now [Fmaj7] it's too late    
Though we [Bbmaj7] really did try to [Fmaj7] make it.    
[Bbmaj7] Something inside has [Fmaj7] died    
And I can't hide [Dm7] and I just can't [Esus4:2][*FB] fake it.[E7#9:2]
{end_of_chorus}

Lines beginning with ‘#’ are comments. Lines beginning with ‘{‘ are directives. Each directive must have a closing ‘}’ and consist of one line only. My translation tool supports the following simple directives:

title (or ‘t’): Song title
key: Song key
artist: Performing artist
composer: Song composer
copyright: Copyright information
comment (or ‘c’): Comment to be ignored
time: Time signature
tempo: Song tempo in BPM
stylecode: Yamaha style code (a decimal number)
start_accomp, stop_accomp: Starts and stops the accompaniment

As I mentioned, time, tempo and stylecode are optional, but necessary — unless you are willing to roll with the defaults. Start_accomp must be the final directive before the first chord and lyric in the song. Start_accomp generates the magic message needed to start accompaniment.

Chords look like regular ChordPro chords. Chord names are surrounded by square brackets, e.g., “[Am7]”. Nothing looks amiss until the end of the chorus, e.g., “[Esus4:2]” and “[E7#9:2]”. “:2” is a beat count. Each chord is held for two quarter notes — quarter notes because the number of divisions per bar (the “denominator”) of the time signature is four. It’s our job to make sure that the counts add up to a full measure in order to keep everything synchronized to measures.

The translation program (yet unnamed!) is very forgiving when it comes to chord spelling. However, it only recognizes and generates the 34 Yamaha chord types which are supported by Yamaha arrangers:

    Maj        7        min        minMaj      aug      dim 
    Maj6       7sus4    min6       minMaj7     aug7     dim7 
    Maj7       7b5      min7       minMaj7-9 
    Maj7#11    7-9      min7b5 
    Maj9       7#11     min9 
    Maj7-9     7-13     min7-9 
    Maj6-9     7b9      min7-11 
    7aug       7aug
               8 
               5 
               sus2 
               sus4

If the chord is not recognized, you will get a major or minor triad.

ChordPro allows annotations, that is, constructs beginning with “[*” and ending with “]”. Annotations ordinarily are playing instructions that are displayed in a pretty-printed ChordPro song. Annotations are extended with accompaniment section control commands:

Introduction: [*IA] [*IB] [*IC] [*ID]
Main section: [*MA] [*MB] [*MC] [*MD]
Fill in: [*FA] [*FB] [*FC] [*FD]
Break: [*BR]
Ending: [*EA] [*EB] [*EC] [*ED]

A section control command usually follows a chord and takes effect at the same time as the chord change.

ChordPro supports paired formatting directives like:

    {start_of_chorus} 
    ... 
    {end_of_chorus}

I am currently experimenting with these directives to control lyric and chord formatting. Yamaha’s lyric display allows line breaks and page breaks. Start of chorus (abbreviated “{soc}”) generates a page break. I added a new directive pair for handling long instrumental breaks, e.g.,

    {start_of_instrumental} 
    [Cmaj7][*MC] [Fmaj7] [Fmaj7] [Am7] [Gm7] [Fmaj7]
    [Dm7] [Esus4:2][*FC] [E7#9:2] 
    {end_of_instrumental}

Yamaha’s lyric display runs chords together when no lyric text is present. The new directive provides some separation between chords by generating filler lyric text (dashes, to be exact).

That’s the story. Testing continues. I will make the Java source code available as soon as possible. So far, so good. The concept works.

Critique: Genos™ drawbar organ

Posted on October 25, 2021 by pj

I like the Korg Module Pro “GospelOrgan” patch, so I tried to create a sound-alike voice on Yamaha Genos. Genos and MODX share the same waveforms and DSP effects, and I may port the result to MODX, too.

The experience recalled my previous misgivings about the rotary speaker simulation and limitations of the Genos DSP effect implementation. I will amplify those comments here.

Mid- to upper-level Yamaha arranger workstation have long had a drawbar organ feature which Yamaha calls “Organ Flutes.” This feature dates back to 1999, appearing in the PSR-9000 keyboard. Although a few details have changed over the years, Yamaha has not substantially overhauled Organ Flutes. It’s time, Yamaha — the world has moved on. I’d love to see the new YC organ technology in Genos. It’s the flagship of the arranger line and YC organs would definitely differentiate Genos from its lower-cost brethren.

Yamaha Organ Flutes main voice editing screen

The main, tweakable organ parameters are:

Nine drawbars
Percussion (first note/each note, length)
Percussion pitch (4′, 2-2/3′, 2′)
Response (onset delay of drawbar and percussion sounds)
Vibrato (on/off, depth, speed)
Rotary speaker speed (slow/fast)
Volume level (1 to 8)
DSP effect (e.g., rotary speaker)

For B-3’ers, the 4′ percussion pitch is the 2nd harmonic setting and the 2-2/3′ percussion pitch is the 3rd harmonic setting. The 2′ pitch supports non-Hammond organs which require it.

Compared with a contemporary clonewheel, one immediately notes a few missing features:

Vibrato only, no chorus
No key click
No rotor noise
No leakage

Overall, the Genos B-3 is super clean and polite — not vintage. MODX (Montage) provides key click, rotor noise (grit) and rotor whistle waveforms. Why does Genos lag behind? Although MODX is AWM2, not modeling, these extra waveforms are better than nothing at all.

The Genos synthesis engine is also AWM2 sample-playback and AWM2 provides the Organ Flutes vibrato. Organ Flutes does not simulate the one-of-a-kind Hammond vibrato/chorus scanner. The Korg Module “Gospel Organ” voice incorporates C-3 chorus and the AMW2 vibrato just doesn’t cut it (head-to-head comparison). I had to substitute Genos’ V-2 setting and move on.

Simplified, graphical rotary speaker interface

If you want to change the rotary speaker type, you need to dive through the effect setting button at the top of the Organ Flutes screen. After selecting the insertion effect, Genos displays a skeuomorphic (graphical) rotary speaker cabinet with a few knobs. In the screenshot above, we get rotary speed, horn and rotor balance, and microphone left/right angle. Like many (most?) rotary speaker simulations, the rotary effect emulates the sound of a mic’d up, stereo recording of a Leslie, not a horn and rotor moving air in a room.

Additional rotary speaker (DSP) parameters are changed by tapping the “Detail” button in the lower right corner. deep-diving reveals a few more deficiencies:

Missing parameters due to a limitation on the number of DSP effect parameters (16 parameters maximum)
Only one insert effect (typically the rotary speaker)
Volume control is post-effect and does not affect overdrive

Here is a little more information about each issue.

At heart, the Genos (PSR, Tyros) sound engine implements the Yamaha XG synthesis and effects architecture. The XG architecture allows up to sixteen (!6) parameters per DSP effect unit. Unfortunately, Yamaha’s DSP engineers are creating effect algorithms (AKA “effect types”) with more than sixteen parameters! The MODX ROTARY SPEAKER 2 algorithm has eighteen (18) parameters. The Genos REAL ROTARY effect type is the same algorithm as MODX. However, only 16 parameters are accessible or stored on Genos. The two missing REAL ROTARY parameters are:

Slow-Fast Time of Rotor
Fast-Slow Time of Rotor

You cannot change these rotor ramp times on Genos, yet, you can change them on MODX.

This issues affects the Genos UNI COMP compressor algorithm (MODX: UNIVERSAL COMPRESSOR DOWN). Dare I mention the inability to specify a side-chain part, too? People are trying to create EDM on arrangers.

The XG architecture allows only one insert effect per part. The Organ Flutes insertion effect is typically a rotary speaker simulator. The MODX effect architecture, on the other hand, allows two insert effects per part. Yamaha synths take advantage of the second insert effect to add overdrive or vintage EQ:

Rotary speaker 1 → Multi FX (Distortion Solo)
Rotary speaker 2 → VCM 501 EQ (Flat)
Amp Simulator 3 (Tube) → VCM 501 (Flat)
Amp Simulator 1 (Stack 2) → Rotary Speaker 1
VCM 501 EQ (Flat) → Rotary Speaker 1

The rotary speaker drive alone is not enough to warm up the basic sound nor is it enough to get a sweet, realistic overdrive with guts. I experimented with the Genos REAL ROTARY effect and got some very squirelly results at high drive levels. The algorithm can be pushed in unexpected, undesirable ways while searching for true funk.

Unlike a real Hammond/Leslie combination, the Genos expression pedal controls post-effect part volume. This is like putting the volume control after the Leslie speaker. A Hammond B-3 pedal controls the level into the Leslie pre-amp. Thus, the pre-amp frequency characteristics and overdrive track the Hammond pedal. The Yamaha YC61 modeling gets this right. Putting the volume pedal before the pre-amp lets the player get clean or dirty in the same way a guitarist uses picking and/or the guitar volume knob to distort or clean up their tone.

If the Genos developers must work around the XG architecture, they should consider a new effect algorithm that combines overdrive with the rotary speaker simulation. The algorithm should allow foot pedal control over the Leslie pre-amp input level. Genos and other PSRs allow wah pedal control, so they obviously know how to achieve this capability within the current architecture.

PSS chorus: A dusty look back

Posted on September 1, 2021 by pj

Here’s a look into the past — and maybe, the present.

A PSR Tutorial Forum member inquired about the chorus effects in the PSR-E463. The PSR-E463 has the usual system chorus effect and the newer DSP chorus effect. I’m going to focus on the older system chorus effect.

The PSR-E series chorus system effect date back to the earliest days of Yamaha XG and arranger keyboards. These are low-cost entry-level keyboards and usually contain a single integrated circuit (IC) which integrates the main processor (CPU), tone generator and effect units. The most price- and cost-sensitive models integrate the wave memory (samples) on the IC, e.g., the SWLL (PSR-F51). Processors in the other models have an external wave memory, e.g., the SWL01 (PSR-E443) and SWX03 (PSR-E463).

Newer DSP effects aside, the E-series models share the same basic reverb and chorus effects. There are three chorus effects:

Chorus1 (MSB: 66 LSB: 17)
Chorus2 (MSB: 65 LSB: 02)
Chorus3 (MSB: 65 LSB: 00)

The LSB has varied, but they all refer to the same CHORUS (CELESTE) effect algorithm. The LSB just selects a set of preset effect parameters. Chorus1, BTW, falls into the XG CELESTE category, not CHORUS.

Due to hardware integration, the chorus effects likely share the same hardware. Since none of these processors have external DSP RAM, the chorus memory is integrated, too.

As far as chorus is concerned, this is the way it has been since the 1990s! Let’s look back to the Yamaha QY-70 XG implementation (1995). I suspect that the current chorus effects are the same or very similar to the good old QY.

The QY-70 had one chorus and celeste effect algorithm:

Param#  Parameter            Value range 
------  -------------------  -------------------- 
   1    LFO Frequency        0.00Hz - 39.7Hz 
   2    LFO PM Depth         0 - 127 
   3    Feedback Level       -63 - +63 
   4    Delay Offset         0 - 127 
   5 
   6    EQ Low Frequency     50Hz - 2kHz 
   7    EQ Low Gain          -12dB - +12dB 
   8    EQ High Frequency    500Hz - 16.0kHz 
   9    EQ High Gain         -12dB - +12dB 
  10    Dry/Wet              D63;gt;W - D=W - D<W63 
  11    ... 
  15    Input Mode           Mono, Stereo 
  16

These parameters are laid down by the Yamaha XG specification.

The XG specification does not define the preset values, however. Here are the QY-70 preset chorus values:

Param#  Parameter            Chorus1 Chorus2 Chorus3 Chorus4 
------  -------------------  ------- ------- ------- ------- 
   1    LFO Frequency        0.25Hz  0.33Hz  0.16Hz  0.37Hz 
   2    LFO PM Depth         54      63      44      32 
   3    Feedback Level       +13     +0      +0      +5 
   4    Delay Offset         106     30      110     104

QY-70 Chorus3 has the same MSB/LSB as PSR-E Chorus2. QY-70 Chorus 1 has the same MSB/LSB as PSR-E Chorus3. Confusing? Yes, but these are probably the PSR values or close to it.

Next are the QY-70 preset celeste values:

Param#  Parameter            Celeste1 Celeste2 Celeste3 Celeste4 
------  -------------------  -------- -------- -------- -------- 
   1    LFO Frequency        0.50Hz   1.17Hz   0.16Hz   0.33Hz 
   2    LFO PM Depth         32       18       63       29 
   3    Feedback Level       +0       +26      -20      +0 
   4    Delay Offset         0        2        2        0

None of the QY-70 presets have the same MSB/LSB as PSR, so your guess is as good as mine.

Now, the really bad news. The PSR-E series, at best, is XGlite. XGlite implementations typically don’t support the XG messages that set effect parameters. Therefore, what you hear is that you get. In other words, the effect presets are hardwired.

The Yamaha PSS series with its minimal SWLL processor implements exactly one chorus and exactly one reverb preset. You get what you pay for!

PSR-E473 speculation

Posted on August 17, 2021 by pj

Update: Yamaha PSR-E473 and PSR-EW425 announcement.

Yamaha have had a busy few years updating their entry-level models, most notably, the PSR-E373 and the DGX-670. We have yet to see the PSR-E473 and PSR-EW425 models which will replace the PSR-E463 and PSR-EW410, respectively.

No doubt, supply chain and global shipping problems have delayed product launch. Prior PSR-E4xx models employ digital-to-analog converters (DAC) including DACs from Asahi Kasei Microdevices (AKM). The AKM plant in Nobeoka city suffered a major fire on October 20, 2020. Japanese authorities just recently gave AKM permission to clean-up and rebuild. The AKM fire caused a mass shortage of its digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital converters. The shortage affects other major audio and digital musical instrument manufacturers, too, not just Yamaha.

In addition, Yamaha is ramping up production at its new OneHub Chennai (India) manufacturing plant. The Chennai plant products acoustic guitars and portable keyboards for the Indian market and for export. According to a May 2019 press release, the initial goal is to make 200,000 acoustic guitars and 150,000 portable keyboards, including the PSR-I500 and the PSS series. Yamaha eventually wants to raise the goal to 400,000 acoustic guitars and 300,000 keyboards per year. Roughly 50% of production will be for export.

My PSS-A50 was manufactured in India. Given kinship to the PSR-I500, I would expect Chennai to make the new PSR-E473 and PSR-EW425. Export data indicate that a few E473s already have been run off and exported. Prototypes? Development? Testing?

Of course, the delayed launch has intensified interest among enthusiasts. The E373 received substantial feature upgrades: Super Articulation Lite (S.Art Lite) voices and new DSP effect types which once could only be found on mid- and upper-range arrangers. A few of the new effects are top-of-the-line: dual rotary speaker, Real Distortion guitar amp effects, vintage stereo phaser, compression and harmonic enhancer. One fully expects to see the same upgrades in the E473 and EW425.

S.Art Lite voices behave somewhat differently than their mid- and upper-level cousins. A dedicated articulation button triggers the articulation effect. The cousins transparently employ software scripting which reacts to player gestures, e.g., legato, intervals, and so forth.

My first thought was “That looks quite professional,” not just a home keyboard. The live control knobs are re-located to the upper left. This decision will be controversial! The lighted buttons look pleasant (light blue color) and the screen is black and white monochrome. Still only four registrations per bank.

Yamaha did majorly swizzle around a bunch of front panel controls with respect to the E463. The keypad to the right has been significantly redesigned.

The quadrant to the right of the display has a 3×4 button matrix for voice and style selection by category. The buttons above the data wheel control selection mode: voice or style. I wonder if one of the mode buttons turns the matrix into a numeric keypad? The FUNCTION and PORTABLE GRAND buttons are below the matrix along with some kind of BOOST button.

The control groups running above the keyboard are (left to right): master volume, SONG/STYLE control, TRACK control, registration memory, and quick sampling. The large light blue button between the volume knob and the SONG/STYLE control group may be the ARTICULATION button.

The Quick Sampling feature got more real estate. Quick Sampling has several buttons: LOOP HOLD, A, B, C, D, and CAPTURE. I wonder if it’s possible to capture four waveforms? Did Yamaha re-think sample control including sample zones? Do the lighted A, B, C, D buttons reflect sample status like a pad controller? Can we play the pads? Are they velocity sensitive?

The live control knobs are further away from the keyboard in the quadrant to the left of the display. I can’t tell if there is an additional row or not. E463 has five live control rows; EW425 has 6 or 7?

The rest of the buttons in the upper left quadrant must be record, metronome, tap tempo, melody suppressor, voice control and all that miscellaneous stuff. The legends in the picture are too distorted to read.

Yamaha is still using an LCD with pre-defined, fixed icons and legends. Do they really save that much money versus a full graphic, pixel addressable display? What do I know? It probably simplifies the software, but it seems so 90s.

Should be interesting finally to see the specs, and not just guess.

Free DJX-II styles: Version 2

Posted on July 2, 2021 by pj

I’m happy to announce version 2 of my DJX-II styles for Yamaha Genos, Tyros and PSR arrangers.

These DJ styles are converted from the original Yamaha DJX-II patterns. If you would like to know more about the conversion process, please see: Mining the Yamaha DJX-II.

These are DJ styles, so they only respond to changes in the root note. The chord progressions are cooked into the patterns (just like intros and endings in regular PSR styles). I tried to find the best mapping from DJX-II patterns to style sections. Therefore, some of the DJXII styles have auto-fill, some do not. Longer “fill” patterns are assigned to the intro and ending sections which can play more than one measure.

Feel free to edit, rearrange and customize the styles in order to make them your own. I recommend Jørgen Sørensen’s excellent tools. Jørgen’s site also has documentation and tutorials about styles and style creation to help you along. Please check it out and support his work!

Click on this link to download the ZIP file.

Version 2 includes all of the files in the first collection. Version 2 adds Drum ‘n’ Bass, Disco, House and Trip Hop styles. The ZIP file includes a README.TXT file which should help you get started with the styles. I have also included PDF notation files for people who read music and want to know about the chord progressions, bass lines, and so forth.

Enjoy! The DJX-II style collection is free.

Arpeggio to style conversion

Posted on April 14, 2021 by pj

Let’s get one out of the vault… 🙂

The Motif XS/XF (MOX/MOXF) and Montage (MODX) arpeggios and performances are a great source of inspiration. Unlike Yamaha’s arranger series, the built-in phrase library is rich in urban and chill patterns. For some odd reason, one of the classic XS/MOX performances — “Dresden At Night” — never made the leap to Motif XF. And, it’s missing from Montage/MODX, too.

A PSR Tutorial forum member sought help resurrecting Dresden At Night, albeit a recreation for the PSR-SX700 arranger. I thought I would help out since I wrote a series of articles about MOX performance to style conversion:

The end result of that work is a small collection of PSR (Tyros, Genos) styles based on MOX (Motif XS) performances.

If you would like to try Dresden At Night or experiment with a conversion of your own, download the free ZIP file.

MOX performances have four parts (voices). Each part has up to six musical phrases (arpeggios) associated with it. Six front-panel buttons select the currently playing set of arpeggios, i.e., button one selects the first arpeggio for each set and so forth. To get the basic MIDI data, I played each arpeggio (group) for four measures while recording in MOX performance quick record mode. I wrote out the MIDI data as a Standard MIDI File (SMF), transfered the SMF to PC, and imported the SMF into a DAW (Sonar).

Dresden At Night is a downtempo (91 BPM), urban-ish chill performance. It has four parts:

Part# Voice    Name              NoteLo NoteHi VelLo VelHi Level Pan
----- -------- ----------------  ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ---
  1   PRE8:070 8Z Heavy Hearts     C-2    G8     1    127    81   C
  2   PRE3:053 Dark Bass           C-2    G8     1    127    51   C
  3   PRE7:110 Ibiza Groove        C-2    G8     1    127   127   C
  4   PRE5:121 Smooth BPF Sweep    C-2    G8     1    127    73   C

The first part is the rhythm voice and the second part is the bass voice. As we’ll see below, arpegiation is turned for these two parts. The third and fourth voices are a play-along pad layer and arpeggiation is disabled. Thus, the rhythm and bass parts provide a looped backing while the pad voices provide an atmospheric you-steer-it, right hand part.

Here are the arpeggio assignments:

Arp#1 Tempo:91              Arp#2 
-----                       ----- 
  1   MA_8Z HeavyHrt1         1   MA_8Z HeavyHrt3      ON 
  2   MB_WestCoastPop _XS     2   MA_WestCoastPop _XS  ON 
  3   MA_Space Arp            3   MA_Space Arp         OFF 
  4   MA_Up Oct1              4   MA_Up Oct2           OFF 
Arp#3                       Arp#4 
-----                       ----- 
  1   MA_8Z HeavyHrt4         1   MA_8Z GatedBt3       ON 
  2   BA_Jazz Pop _XS         2   FB_WestCoastPop _XS  ON 
  3   MA_Space Arp            3   MA_Space Arp         OFF 
  4   MA_Up Oct4              4   MA_Down Oct1         OFF 
Arp#5                       Arp#6 
-----                       ----- 
  1   MA_8Z ChillBrk4         1   BA_Sp SFX            ON 
  2   MB_WestCoastPop _XS     2   MA_WestCoastPop _XS  ON 
  3   MA_Space Arp            3   Off                  OFF 
  4   MA_Down Oct2            4   Off                  OFF

The Arpeggiator is turned ON for Parts 1 and 2 only.

A big factor is the “8Z Heavy Hearts” drum kit. The “8Z” in its name means “eight zone”. Eight zone (8Z) voices are a Motif innovation beginning with the XS (MOX) family. If you would like more information, check out these earlier posts about eight zone voices:

8Z voices aren’t drum kits. They are implemented as synth voices and are just a clever way of using the eight elements which make up a voice. The eight zones (8Z) are divided across specific note ranges. 8Z Heavy Hearts assigns waveforms (zone sounds) in the following way:

Element#  Note Low  Note High  Waveform 
--------  --------  ---------  -------------- 
    1         C0       F#0     Bd T9-1 
    2         G0        C1     Bd Hard Long 
    3        C#1        D1     Sd Elec12 
    4        D#1        F1     Sd HipHop6 
    5        F#1        A1     HH Closed D&B 
    6        A#1        C2     HH Open T9 
    7        C#2        C4     Clap AnSm 
    8        C#4        C6     Shaker Hip2

Yamaha messes with each of the zones in crazy ways and ties keyboard notes to voice parameters (AKA “key follow”). For 8Z Heavy Hearts, the most notable effect is how the Clap AnSm pitch follows the keyboard.

Arrangers (even Genos!) don’t have 8Z voices. They have standard drum kits where each MIDI note is a separate drum instrument. In order to make a PSR style using a DAW, one must translate the 8Z MIDI notes to standard drum kit notes. You need to assign appropriate drum kits (e.g., DrumMachine, Analog T9, House, Break or HipHop) to style parts 9 and 10 (MIDI channels 9 and 10) and copy the Heavy Hearts MIDI data to both Parts. Then, delete the notes that aren’t needed in a style part, compress each zone into a single drum instrument, and map the resulting “compressed” notes to the appropriate drum instrument(s). So, for example, all of the notes in C0 to F#0 might be compressed into the Kick T9 1 instrument (B0) in the Analog T9 Kit, which is one of the target drum kits.

I found two PSR drum parts to be enough. However, styles are flexible and you could assign a third (fourth, …) drum kit to one of the other style parts. There’s nothing in Yamaha styles that prevents this. It’s just that parts 9 and 10 (MIDI channels 9 and 10) are conventionally assigned to drum parts in a style.

I went with two PSR drum kits: Analog T9 kit and Drum Machine kit. Here is one possible assignment:

Note Low Note High Waveform       Instrument        Note#   Kit 
-------- --------- -------------  ----------------  ------  -----------
  C0 24   F#0 30   Bd T9-1        Kick T9 1         35 B0   AnalogT9Kit
  G0 31    C1 36   Bd Hard Long   BD Hard Long      24 C0   DrumMachine
 C#1 37    D1 38   Sd Elec12      Snare Analog CR   63 D#3  DrumMachine
 D#1 39    F1 41   Sd HipHop6     Snare Hip 1       86 F#3  DrumMachine
 F#1 42    A1 45   HH Closed D&B  Hi-Hat Closed Syn 91 A4   DrumMachine
 A#1 46    C2 48   HH Open T9     Hi-Hat Open T9    46 A#1  AnalogT9Kit
 C#2 49    C4 72   Clap AnSm      Clap Analog Sm    27 D#0  AnalogT9Kit
 C#4 73    C6 96   Shaker Hip2    Analog Shaker     57 A2   DrumMachine

A lot of detail, huh? Nobody said style conversion was easy. 🙂 In the end, I spread each zone across multiple drum instruments of the same type, i.e., assigning the Shaker Hip2 zone to a few different Analog Shaker sounds in the Drum Machine kit. Part of 8Z Heavy Hearts’ charm is the subtle sonic variation provided by each zone.

Trying to keep this all straight in the DAW piano roll is cognitively challenging. Did I say, style conversion isn’t easy? 🙂

Fortunately, one can loop four bar sections and play the MIDI through the arranger (Genos, in this case) just like a MIDI song. Then, it’s the usual tweak, listen, rinse, repeat edit process. When the MIDI is tweezed to your liking, you need to add MIDI markers to delimit the style sections. (BTW, leave a one bar MIDI set-up measure at the beginning.) Style section markers are:

    Set-up measure 1: SFF1 
    Set-up measure 1: SInt 
    Main sections:    Main A, ... 
    Fill sections:    Fill In AA, ... 
    Break section:    Fill In BA, ... 
    Introduction:     Intro A, ... 
    Ending:           Ending A, ...

At a minimum, you need a few MIDI set-up System Exclusive (SysEx) messages at the beginning of the SMF (measure 1, beat 1):

    F0 7E 7F 09 01 F7                 GM Reset 
    F0 43 10 4C 00 00 7E 00 F7        XG System ON 
    F0 43 10 4C 02 01 00 01 16 F7     Reverb type 
    F0 43 10 4C 02 01 20 16 00 F7     Chorus type

Reverb is the “Light Hall” preset and chorus is the “Tempo Cross 1” preset. The tempo cross delay is an 8-beat echo.

Which brings me to a necessary ingredient: crunch. 8Z Heavy Hearts gets a lot of its appeal from the Lo-Fi effect:

#  Parameter                   Val  Hex   Meaning 
-- --------------------------  ---  ----  -------- 
 1 Sampling Frequency Control    4  0x04  8.82kHz 
 2 Word Length                  98  0x62 
 3 Output Gain                   7  0x07  0dB 
 4 LPF Cutoff Frequency         56  0x38  12kHz 
 5 Filter Type                   1  0x01  PowerBass 
 6 LPF Resonance                63  0x3F  6.3 
 7 Bit Assign                    4  0x04 
 8 Emphasis                      1  0x01  On 
10 Dry/Wet                      88  0x58  D<W24
15 Input Mode                    1  0x01  Stereo

Since we need Lo-Fi on both style parts 9 and 10, I configured the variation effect as an XG SYSTEM effect. Parts 9 and 10 also require variation send (MIDI CC#94) set to 127. Add a CC#94 message to parts 9 and 10 in the set-up measure. Here are the MIDI System Exclusive messages to add to the set-up measure:

F0 43 10 4C 02 01 40 5E 13 F7       Variation type 
F0 43 10 4C 02 01 5A 01 F7          Variation SYSTEM 
F0 43 10 4C 02 01 56 40 F7          Variation return 
F0 43 10 4C 02 01 58 10 F7          Variation send to reverb 
F0 43 10 4C 02 01 59 10 F7          Variation send to chorus 
F0 43 10 4C 02 01 42 00 04 F7       Variation parameter 1 
F0 43 10 4C 02 01 44 00 62 F7       Variation parameter 2 
F0 43 10 4C 02 01 46 00 07 F7       Variation parameter 3 
F0 43 10 4C 02 01 48 00 38 F7       Variation parameter 4 
F0 43 10 4C 02 01 4A 00 01 F7       Variation parameter 5 
F0 43 10 4C 02 01 4C 00 3F F7       Variation parameter 6 
F0 43 10 4C 02 01 4E 00 04 F7       Variation parameter 7 
F0 43 10 4C 02 01 50 00 01 F7       Variation parameter 8 
F0 43 10 4C 02 01 54 00 58 F7       Variation parameter 10 
F0 43 10 4C 02 01 75 01 F7          Variation parameter 15

At this point, you could save the MIDI to “DresdenAtNight.sty” and load it into your arranger as an SFF1 format style. The arranger should create the style CASM segment. As an alternative, you can add a CASM segment to the SMF with Jørgen Sørensen’s CASM editor. You might as well download his OTS editor, too, and use it to add OTS voice settings to the new style as well. Or, you can do this sort of work on your arranger itself. Mid- and high-end Yamaha arrangers save styles as SFF2 format, which is one way to convert from SFF1 to SFF2. I highly recommend Jørgen’s site, tools and style creation tutorial.

BTW, you can recreate Dresden At Night on MODX (Montage). Create a new MODX performance with 8Z Heavy Hearts and Dark Bass. 8Z Heavy Hearts has the appropriate arpeggios by default. You’ll need to assign different arpeggios to the Dark Bass part. Modify effects as needed. Choose and add pad or lead voices to give your right hand something to do. Done! Use the Scene buttons to switch arpeggio groups.

Combo organ: Montage, MODX, Genos

Posted on March 23, 2021 by pj

Contemporary workstation instruments offer several options for combo organ emulation. Every workstation has at least a few internal combo organ waveforms. Korg Kronos, for example, has two Vox organ waves built in. Even the lowly Korg microKorg XL+ has two Vox waveforms (DWGS single cycle).

Yamaha MODX and Montage — my focus in this article — have a good variety of Vox and Farfisa waveforms. Yamaha Genos has a lesser endowment as we’ll see. Yamaha Reface YC shares sonic DNA (AWM2 and effects) with the Motif XF and will be the subject of a future post.

Motif, Motif ES and Motif XS

Models in the early Motif series primarily base combo organ patches on two waveforms:

Portable Electronic: Vox-y tone
Compact Electronic: Farf-y tone

You can hear these waveforms at work in the Tiny Combo Bars 1 performance and the Tiny Combo Bar 2 performance. The patches layer three are more elements playing Portable Electronic or Compact Electronic (respectively). Each element is filtered differently: low pass, band pass and high pass. The net effect is like several distinctive tab stops or drawbars pulled at once.

These waveforms are very old, going back to the original Motif (maybe S80) in the early 2000s. I’ll bet dollars to donuts that the Portable Electronic waveform is the basis for the 60’sOrgan voice (MSB: 0, LSB: 116, PC: 18) in PSR and Tyros keyboards. The 60’sOrgan voice was the sole combo organ mainstay in the arranger line for a loooong time.

Motif XF, Montage, MODX

Motif XF got a big shot of combo juice. Motif XF added several combo organ waveforms:

Fr All Tabs
Fr Bright Boost
Fr Flute
Fr String Lo
Fr String Hi
Fr Trumpet
Fr Piccolo
Fr Pedal
Fr KeyOff
Vx Drawbar1-3
Vx DrawbarIV
Vx KeyOff

The Farfisa (Fr) waveforms support emulation of specific Farfisa features: individual voice tabs (flute, string, trumpet and piccolo), the wicked Bright Boost knee lever, bass keys (pedal), and key off sound. The Fr All Tabs waveform covers one of the most common use cases — all of the tab stops turned on. Subtlety was not a hallmark of sixties combo organ music. 🙂

The Vox (Vx) Vx Drawbar1-3 waveform covers the three Continentel footage drawbars while the mixture drawbar is handled by the Vx DrawbarIV waveform. The Vox waveforms include a Vox key-off noise.

In terms of voice programming, one uses note shift to achieve different footage ranks. Passive filtering is emulated through filter type (low pass, band pass, high pass) and cutoff frequency. Of course, everything can be routed into insert effects for distortion, amp simulation, and other grunge.

Since Montage and MODX inherit all things Motif, these waveforms and the Motif performances are there for you. The Montage and MODX sliders allow control over individual voice elements. For example, choose the Raspy Tabs performance and assign slider control to element level. The Fr Raspy Tabs waveform-to-element assignment is:

El# Waveform     KeyLo KeyHi VelLo VelHi Coarse Level Cutoff XA Ctrl 
--- ------------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ----- ------ ------- 
 1  Fr String Lo   C2    G8     1   127     0     97   255   Normal 
 2  Fr Trumpet     C2    G8     1   127     0     82   255   Normal 
 3  Fr Flute       C2    G8     1   127    24    120   236   Normal 
 4  Fr Pedal      C-2    B1     1   127     0    127   160   Normal 
 5  Fr String Hi   C2    G8     1   127    19     24   236   A.SW2 On 
 6  Fr KeyOff      C2    G8     1   127     6     87    80   Key Off

Different tabs are brought in and out by moving the corresponding slider. Assignable switch 2 turns on additional brightness. The low keyboard octaves play the bass (pedal) tones. Overall, this is a fairly controllable representation of a wheezy Farfisa Compact.

Because the sliders are not discrete, you can probably make up Farfisa tones which aren’t entirely authentic. But, really, should one care? 😉

Vox performances have similar control-ability. Here is the waveform-to-element assignment in the Vx Full Bars performance:

El# Waveform      KeyLo KeyHi VelLo VelHi Coarse Level Cutoff XA Ctrl 
--- ------------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ----- ------ ------- 
 1  Vx Drawbar1-3  C-2    G8     1   127     0     75   255   Normal 
 2  Vx Drawbar1-3  C-2    G8     1   127    12     77   255   Normal 
 3  Vx Drawbar1-3  C-2    G8     1   127    24     91   255   Normal 
 4  Vx DrawbarIV   C-2    G8     1   127     0    127   250   Normal 
 5  Vx KeyOff      C-2    G8     1   127     4     68    85   Key Off

The first three sliders control the 16′, 8′ and 4′ Vox drawbar settings and the fourth drawbar controls the Mixture (IV) tone. Go ahead, just everything to eleven. 🙂

Montage and MODX FM

But, wait, there’s more! Montage and MODX have two FM combo voices: BOX FM Combo Organ and FM YC Combo Organ. Although these performances don’t sound authentic to my ears, they provide starting points for further programming. I haven’t heard the YC61 as yet, but I wonder if the YC61 combo emulations can be ported to Montage and MODX?

Genos

As I mentioned earlier, the arranger series has been historically short on combo organ sounds, relying on the old 60’sOrgan voice. Wheezy, raspy Farfisa tones are noticably absent. The 60’sOrgan voice sounds like the Portable Electronic waveform on which the Motif 1967 Keys performance is based.

Tyros 4 and Motif XF were introduced at approximately the same time. They certainly were together in the development lab during late 2009. Tyros 4 added four combo organ voices:

60sComboOrgan1: VoxContiComb1_Full_NoVib waveform
60sComboOrgan2: VoxContiComb1_Full_VibOn waveform
60sComboOrgan3: VoxCombi4NoVib waveform
60sComboOrgan4: VoxCombi4NoVib091117 waveform

Voices 1 and 2 capture one Vox Continental drawbar combination (Comb1) and voices 3 and 4 capture a second combination (Combi4).

Voices 1 and 3 are without vibrato. Voices 2 and 4, unfortunately, have an excessive amount of vibrato — almost painfully so. When I use voices 2 and 4 in a MIDI sequence, I dial down the vibrato depth using MIDI CC#77 messages. Vibrato frequency is about 5Hz. I also remove touch sensitivity by setting:

Velocity sensitivity depth to zero, and
Velocity sensitivity offset to 114.

An organ voice should not respond to touch (key velocity) — ever.

PSR, Tyros and Genos players shouldn’t forget the “hidden” Italian 60s organ voice (It60’sOrgan) in the GM2 sound set. On PSR and Tyros, you’ll find It60’sOrgan within the Legacy voices Organ subfolder. On Genos, you need to download GM2 and XG user voices to the USER voice folder. (See this thread in the PSR Tutorial Forum.) Of course, you can select
It60’sOrgan from a DAW (MSB: 121, LSB: 2, PC: 17) .

All-in-all, you can get a nice Vox tone out of Genos. Farfisa is still missing in action, tho’. Kind of an odd shortcoming of a keyboard with styles and a user base that want to play popular hits from days past.

In the next post, I’ll compare Reface YC combo organs against Montage/MODX (Motif XF). The result may surprise you.

Customizing the Sonogenic voice editor

Posted on March 22, 2021 by pj

Back to the Yamaha SHS-500 Sonogenic voice editor…

Thanks to Brent at Keyboard Corner for suggesting a different set of default voices in my MIDI Designer-based Sonogenic voice editor. Back when I released the editor, I was hoping that folks could customize the user interface, changing or adding their own buttons and controls. Brent downloaded the editor, got everything running, and hit a roadblock with MIDI Designer. That’s understandable because I doubt if anyone can dive right into MIDI Designer as easily as diving into the menu of a synth.

So, smart guy, how do you change bank select and program change? Here’s a sequence of screen shots that may help. [Not so easy a year later, is it? 🙂 ]

MIDI Designer ordinarily runs in its operational mode, that is, the buttons, sliders and other controls are live and send MIDI. In order to make changes, one needs to enter Design Mode (edit mode). With the Sonogenic voice editor loaded, tap the More menu button, then tap the Design button under “Tools”.

You should see a floating button widget saying “Exit Design Mode”. If you see that, you’ll know that you’re in Design Mode.

MIDI Designer button (control) properties in Design Mode

Tap a button or other control to select it. MIDI Designer outlines the selected button (or control) in red. Double tap the button (or control) to display and change its properties.

In this case, I double tapped the “QuackLd” button. If you want to name the button something else, tap the “Label” field and change the button name.

To send a different MIDI message, tap the MIDI icon in the lower left corner of the Properties dialog box. MIDI Designer should display the control’s MIDI properties. The Sonogenic QuackLd voice has the following bank select and program change values:

Bank select MSB: 0
Bank select LSB: 112
Program change: 84

Values for the other SHS-500 preset voices are listed in the Yamaha Sonogenic SHS-500 Reference Manual.

Tap the “MIDI Off → On” field to edit the program change value. Tap the “Channel – Bank #” field to change the MIDI channel, bank select MSB value and bank select LSB value. You should probably leave the channel value alone.

MIDI Designer channel and bank select dialog box

The “Channel, Bank MSB, LSB” dialog box displays three spinning number dials (kind of like a slot machine) where the first column is MIDI channel, the second column is bank select MSB and the third column is bank select LSB. Spin the dials to get the setting you want. Tap the return arrow in the upper left corner when you’re finished. To leave a dialog box, just tap a blank area in the user interface background.

Tapping the Actions icon in the lower right corner of the Properties dialog box displays MIDI Designer actions. Use the “Delete” action to delete the control. Use “Copy” and “Make Similar” to copy the control.

The buttons for the Sonogenic General MIDI (GM) voices are similar. Here, I selected and double tapped the “Vibraphone” button.

Again, tapping the MIDI icon in the dialog box displays the MIDI message properties for the button. The GM voices adhere to the GM standard program change values. However, you must send zero for both bank select MSB and LSB to properly switch the Sonogenic.

Tap the Exit Design Mode button to leave Design Mode. Then test your changes with the Sonogenic. Also, you probably should save the modified MIDI Designer interface following the directions in my original article.

Hopefully, this tutorial is enough to get you started with customization!

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Category Archives: PSR/Tyros