About pj

Now (mostly) retired, I'm pursing electronics and computing just for the fun of it! I'm a computer scientist and engineer who has worked for AMD, Hewlett Packard and Siemens. I also taught hardware and software development at Case Western Reserve University, Tufts University and Princeton. Hopefully, you will find the information on this site to be helpful. Educators and students are particularly welcome!

More DX/FM learning resources

While waiting and waiting for the Superbowl, I went on a treasure hunt through my archives. I found and scanned a few old Yamaha DX learning resources for people who want to learn FM programming.

Yamaha DX21 Play Book

The Yamaha DX21 Play Book is a more user friendly manual for the DX21. It’s closer to what we call a “user manual” than a stuffy reference manual.

The DX21 Play Book has a bright orange cover and takes the reader through the steps of using a DX21. It concludes with a very basic introduction to DX21 programming, including the FM voice data for Glockenspiel (seriously?) and brass.

The DX21 Play Book came with a cassette tape. Side A is audio covering basic operation and performance memory. Side B contains performance and voice data to load onto the DX21. Welcome to 1980’s technology — digital data encoded as audio. Modems, anyone?

FM preset charts

I hand-copied (!) patches for eight DX21 factory presets. Primitive, but I can still read the results today unlike my variable speed floppy disks for Mac SE. 🙂

Yamaha Aftertouch Magazine

Before YamahaSynth.com and forums, there was Yamaha Aftertouch Magazine. Aftertouch was edited by the talented Tom Darter of Keyboard Magazine fame. Yamaha dropped real money on Aftertouch. I loved that mini-magazine and read it religiously.

There is a great collection of Aftertouch magazines at Yates Family. In the January 1989 issue, you will find a brief bio and comments by a young guy named Phil Clendeninn. (Thanks, Phil!)

Here is the January 1986 issue of Aftertouch. Speaking of youth, our kid was six months old in January 1986. Time flies!

How to program the DX7

Back in the day, Keyboard Magazine published in-depth reviews and how-to articles. That’s why many of us mourn the loss of Keyboard Magazine.

Here is a scan of “How to Program the DX7” by Bo Tomlyn as told to Jim Aikin. Bo Tomlyn was a consultant and clinician for Yamaha. If you read this article and the series by Manny Fernandez, you’ll be ready to go.

Yamaha FM Essential app

Finally, the Yamaha FM Essential app is a quick and free way to check out 4-op FM programming. You need to connect your iPad to a Mark 2 MX series synthesizer to unlock all of its presets (including the DX100).

I unlocked the app — once. Unfortunately, if you archive the app to iCloud, it loses the unlock data. So, the FM Essential app is now locked again.

Hey, Yamaha! Maybe it’s time to fully unlock the FM Essential app for everybody? I can’t find an MX at a local store to do another unlock. Maybe unlock the app when its connected to any Yamaha synth?

Copyright © 2024 Paul J. Drongowski

Reface DX: No static at all

If you’ve browsed Yamaha Reface at on-line retailers, you’ll know that Reface DX and Reface CS are currently on sale. The DX and CS are the two Katzenhammer kids which share the same internal design, using a Yamaha-proprietary SSP-2 processor as the central compute engine.

The Reface DX price is startling: $250 USD (MAP). Wow! That’s the price of a mid-range guitar pedal. Makes me wonder if the DX and CS are being closed out or if Mark 2 models are in the works. The venerable SSP-2 is supplanted by the SSP-3 and perhaps the inventory of SSP-2 is depleted.

The Reface CP and Reface YC MAP prices remain the same. I suspect that sales of these models remain solid as there always seems to be a need for good EP and organ sounds.

That DX price is a clearance price. When Reface was released, I vowed to buy at blow-out pricing. Yep, I put a Reface DX on order.

A few Reface DX programming links

First off, I’m amazed at the number of contributed DX patches at Yamaha’s Soundmondo sharing site. There are literally thousands of Reface DX patches. The Soundmondo tagging idea is good, but too many punters over-tagged their submissions. I’m looking for “orchestral” sounds and there are many tagged patches that are not remotely “orchestral”. A search system is only as good as the quality of its tagging.

If that’s not enough patches for you, try the Reface DX Legacy Project. Martin Tarenskeen maintains this vast library of Reface DX patches converted from old FM machines. I can’t vouch for the quality of the conversions (yet), but I’ll be heading there for old 4-op DX21 patches. I had a DX21 back in the day, and know the factory sound set quite well. I still have the original cassette tape with DX21 patches on it!

I also plan to do a little FM programming. This series of articles by Manny Fernandez is excellent:

Learn from the best in the field — that would be Manny. His articles have links to his example patches in the Soundmondo library.

You’ll need a Reface DX algorithms and envelope cheat-sheet (PDF), too.

Reface DX is old enough to be a grown up by now. So, there’s plenty of on-line support if you choose to jump into the Reface DX pool.

Yamaha SEQTRAK FM

I was curious to see how SEQTRAK FM stacks up against Reface DX. My conclusion — it’s the same FM engine:

  • 4-op, 12 algorithms, polyphony 8
  • Same algorithms and parameters
  • SEQTRAK includes many Reface DX patches

Looking beyond FM, SEQTRAK does AWM2, sampling and sequencing, and offers more effects. I’m more of a player than a button-pusher, so Reface DX is better for my personal needs.

Reflecting on the SEQTRAK FM and AWM2, I would expect to find a Yamaha proprietary SWX09 at its heart. The SWX09 core executes the Renesas SH architecture, same as SSP. Plus, SWX09 has an integrated AWM2 tone generation engine.

Copyright © 2024 Paul J. Drongowski

NAMM 2024: KORG Nu:tekt NTS-1 MkII and NTS-3 kaoss pad

KORG NTS-1 MkII

If you’re like me, you don’t have time to watch a zillion product videos in order to learn even the most basic information about a shiny object. Here’s a quick take on the new KORG NTS-1 MkII programmable synthesizer kit. Check out my first look at the NTS-1 Mk1, too.

Let’s get the price out of the way, first. The MkII is $170, up from the Mk1’s $100 USD MAP. That’s a modest increase, but we better get something for the extra 70 bucks!

KORG upped the processor to an ST Microelectronics STM32H725IET6: ARM® Cortex®-M7 STM32H7 Microcontroller IC 32-Bit 550MHz 512KB (512K x 8) FLASH 176-LQFP. The original MkI uses an ST Microelectronics STM32F446ZET6, which is an ARM® Cortex®-M4 STM32F4 Microcontroller IC 32-Bit Single-Core 180MHz 512KB (512K x 8) FLASH 144-LQFP. The main difference is M7 vs. M4 and the higher CPU clock speed. Nice.

The downside: logue SDK MkII is not backward compatible to MkI NTS-1. The MkII SDK is reported to have new capabilities, but no one has seen the spec.

Below is a quick list of new features and enhancements:

  • 8 step sequencer
  • Arpeggiator with different chord scales
  • A new noise oscillator
  • USB-C and MIDI IN/OUT (TRS-A dongle)
  • Keyboard is multitouch and sends chords through MIDI OUT
  • Controls send MIDI CC through MIDI OUT
  • KORG Kontrol Editor support (librarian)
  • New effects: Soft Clip, Hard Clip, Fuzz, One Repeat Delay, Smooth reverb, Arena, Room, Early reflections, Horror
  • Tempo sync delay options
  • External audio can be used as a modulator
  • Built-in mini speaker

That’s worth the extra $70, I’d say. KORG have invested time and money on the logue SDK — a worthy trend — and that needs to be rolled into the asking price.

I thought about blowing off the NTS-1 MkII. Now I’m not so sure! The MkII has a number of useful refinements and I especially like the MIDI OUT capabilities.

KORG NTS-3 kaoss pad kit

The KORG NTS-3 really caught my attention as I always wished I had a kaoss pad!

Unfortunately, detailed information is sketchy at this stage. KORG claim four effect slots and deep editing. Features include:

  • XY pad (duh!)
  • FX depth touch slider/strip
  • Tap BPM and tempo sync
  • Filter, modulation, delay, reverb, lo-fi and mastering effects
  • 3 oscillator “effects”
  • 200 Performance program slots (100 preloaded, 100 user)
  • Dedicated librarian app (coming soon)
  • Sync IN/OUT re-assignable to MIDI IN/OUT
  • TRS-A MIDI convention
  • USB-C communication and power
  • KORG music software bundle

Guessing, the NTS-3 will probably require the MkII logueSDK. Judging from the KORG NTS-3 assembly video, the NTS-3 uses the same higher-spec STM32H725IET6 ARM processor.

Same $170 USD MAP asking price and same pre-order status as the NTS-1 MkII. KORG have sent out NTS-1 demo units, but no NTS-3 joy yet. Might have to wait a while for this one…

Copyright © 2024 Paul J. Drongowski

NAMM 2024: Briefs

Just “Meh”

So far, I’m feeling just “Meh” about NAMM 2024. Last year’s NAMM opened the floodgates of new, post-pandemic product. Among the daikaiju (大怪獣), KORG dominates with the most new releases.

We shouldn’t forget these new toys:

Both Nord and Casio are collaborating with partners to up the action game — Nord with KAWAI and Casio with C. Bechstein (video).

Studiologic have revamped the Numa Compact product line (new acoustic pianos, tonewheel modeled engine, new rotary effect, chorus and vibrato, new “virtual oscillators” synth engine). These all-rounders look to play against the Yamaha CK series stage instruments. Looks for incentive, clear-out pricing on the older Numa Compact 2 series instruments.

If you’ve been waiting for a new beginner’s keyboard, Yamaha have announced the PSR-E283. Will this appear on the Yamaha NAMM 2024 page later today? 410 instrument voices, 150 auto-accompaniment styles, duo mode for duets and the usual built-in speakers. Yamaha PSR-E283 video tutorial

Akai MPC Key 37?

The day is still young.

Yamaha Montage E.S.P.

I expected to see the Yamaha Montage M Expanded Softsynth Plugin (E.S.P.) today and wasn’t disappointed. There is a new Blake’s take about E.S.P. on the YamahaSynth.com site. Lots of screengrabs.

As this point, E.S.P. is for Montage M owners. You’ll need your coupon code and the Steinberg Download Assistant. E.S.P. requires 10GBytes of free space. Yikes, but it probably needs room for all of the waveforms.

We should start getting field reports about real-world polyphony and so forth. No information on pricing for non-Montage M customers. Here’s the E.S.P. Manual on the Yamaha USA site.

NAMM 2024 Montage M E.S.P. demo video (Blake Angelos) by Sonicstate. E.S.P. is only available to Montage M hardware owners — no software-only retail version. Sorry if you expected a full Montage M on the cheap.

Little things

Although pitched at drummers and percussionists, the No Better Option (NBO) Oneboard provides a way to stash your phone, mini-mixer, tablet and other gizmos while performing. NBO is a boutique vendor who have sold out their original round of Onboards. Register for the next round of pre-orders.

You’ve probably never heard of ROBKOO. They are a Shanghai-based company specializing in electronic wind instruments: the R1 Synthesizer and the Clarii mini digital wind instrument and controller.

The Clarii mini (#300/$400 USD) is about the same size as a clarinet. It fingers like a sax, but fingering can be customized. Synthesis is built-in along with a speaker, screen and Bluetooth MIDI. The Clarii mini has an accelerometer, too, so you can shake it.

The ROBKOO R1 synthesizer is sleeker and has similar specs. The R1 adds RGB lights for pizzazz. Instead of an accelerometer, R1 has an XYZ gyroscope to control expression. The R1 connects with the JamKoo performance app which gives access to internal functions. The R1 is $600 USD — not an impulse purchase, that’s for sure.

Stylophone are going upscale with the CPM DS-2 analog drone synthesizer ($260 USD). The CPM DS-2 will have 2 3340 oscillators, 2 3320 filters, 2 sub-oscillators, 2 LFOs, vintage delay and reverb, and 12 modular patch points. It will be Eurorack compatible. Pre-order at Stylophone.com.

If you ever wanted to strut your stuff like David Bourne and company, check out Walkabout Carriers. “Battery powered, wireless carriers for electronic musical instruments.” Their Web site is under construction, but check back…

Copyright © 2024 Paul J. Drongowski

NAMM 2024: KORG-fest

Unless you’ve been stuck in a snowdrift with no cell service, KORG have dropped a truckload of products in last few days. KORG have heard the call for “modules” and have announced:

These aren’t baby modules — full 19″ rack-mount, MIDI 2.0 Property Exchange and Polyphonic Aftertouch (PAT) support. If you don’t want to rack and stack, then prop them up on their ears. No tiny knobs for mouse-sized paws.

Buy all three for $2,100 USD MAP (includes a Gator Frameworks 12U metal desktop rack).

More so, my pulse is racing for new KORG Nu:Tekt offerings:

I’m happy that KORG continues to improve and expand the Nu:Tekt product line.

The NTS-1 MKII updates the original NTS-1 adding an 8-step sequencer and an improved 18-key, multi-touch keyboard. The original’s keys are mouse-sized and sensing is ribbon-based, so a better keyboard is much obliged. KORG have also moved up to USB-C. The synth engine is still logue-compatible mono.

I use my NTS-1 as a sound mangling effects box. Thus, I’m super-excited to see the NTS-3 DIY KAOSS Pad. And, it’s very reasonably priced! This one is a no-brainer, impulse purchase. Of course, both of the new NTS models are available for pre-order now. Hope they roll out faster than the NTS-2.

The NTS-3 has four effects slots. KORG are providing a logueSDK API for the NTS-3. The SYNC port can be switched to MIDI, which makes me wonder, “Can I craft MIDI mangling plug-ins, too?”

Missing the NTS-2 oscilloscope? Look here.

Apologies

Sorry that I’m not issuing as much NAMM content as I did last year. A bunch of physical ailments have conspired to knock the tar out of me. Low energy has reduced my production efforts to playing the same loop over and over, again, while wondering, “Why do that sound like arse?” Take care of you health, including your teeth! 🙂

Copyright © 2024 Paul J. Drongowski

Yamaha SEQTRAK: Quick reaction

I’ve already gotten requests to comment on the new Yamaha SEQTRAK™ Ideastation. Mind you, I haven’t touched one, but here goes.

How does SEQTRAK compare to the old QY-70/QY-100? I would say, they are different beasts for different compositional processes. The QYs are the early predecessors of the Motif and PSR, Tyros, Genos sequencers. The QY usage model is based on phrase-oriented composition providing a big internal library of musical phrases. The QYs assembled the phrases into arranger-like styles. Then, one composes songs using either a preset or user style.

The QY workflow is pretty conventional. Motif and PSR people would recognize the line-oriented presentation of sequencer data and the infamous “JOBS” for tasks like quantization, copying sequence data and so on. The Motif series and arranger workstations borrowed heavily from the QYs. In fact, sometimes, I feel like they are running the old legacy code!

I like my QY-70 because I can compose songs in the “traditional way”. The QY beats both Motif and PSR/Genos in the way it handles chord tracks. Oh, how I wish for that in today’s instruments. The QY designers were on to something good, there.

SEQTRAK is Yamaha’s attempt to capture some of the old RM1x and RS-7000 groove box magic. The old groove boxes are in step with modern beat-box sequencers. The workflow is pattern-based — create a pattern in a track, create another pattern in a different concurrent track, and chain the concurrent patterns into a song. (Yeah, this is a gross over-simplification. 🙂 ) This is different compositional process than the QYs which are more “trad”.

Japan’s Lost Decade(s) hit Yamaha hard and made their managers very conservative. The old QYs and groove boxes got the ax in order to survive a moribund Japanese economy.

I think Yamaha got tired of watching other people make money on tech which they pretty much invented back in the 90s and 00s. Teenage Engineering is making outrageous money with the all-in-one OP-1. $2,000 USD (MAP)? Really?

In my quick opinion, SEQTRAK is too timid, too conservative. Yamaha went to the AWM2 and FX technology well One. More. Time. The only upside is the low selling price of $399 USD (MAP). Given the polyphony spec, I would expect to find a single SWP70 (AWM2+FM) tone generator IC and an ARM host processor. How innovative is that? Where is AN-X or even the low-spec AN found in Reface CS?

Is SEQTRAK competitive with OP-1? Time and deep analysis will tell. In the meantime, I see SEQTRAK aimed at the $400 to $500 synth plus sequencer groove box niche. Strap a few KORG Volcas together and you get SEQTRAK — for roughly the same price. I’m thinking Volca Sampler 2, plus Volca FM 2, plus Volca Keys? Take your pick. The Roland Aira Compact series come to mind, too. The SEQTRAK app one-ups KORG (and Roland), however, and SEQTRAK has superior connectivity. Engine-wise, it’s all rather plain Jane.

Hmmm. I still have my Yamaha AN-200. Aside from FM and sampling, would SEQTRAK give me more? SEQTRAK versus the old AN-200 and DX-200 would be a better comparison than QY.

I also question Yamaha’s time-to-market with SEQTRAK. Yamaha needed to extend the trademark’s intention to use (application) multiple times. This tells me that they had trouble finishing and releasing this product on schedule. I’m sure Web comments will trash Yamaha for too little, too late.

As someone steeped and experienced in American high-tech culture, Yamaha engineering needs to have its butt kicked. Hard.

Update: Observations

The Yamaha SEQTRAK specifications state preset waveform memory at 800MBytes, when converted to 16-bit linear format. With a 2-to-1 compression ratio, physical preset waveform memory is about 400MBytes. User waveform memory is 500MBytes, uncompressed presumably. Overall physical waveform memory is around 1GByte.

I quickly browsed the voice and FX lists. SEQTRAK has a slew of drum sounds as you might expect. The AWM2 and FM voices will look very familiar to Montage/MODX players. The keyboard voices are reminiscent of Motif XS; these are not fresh sounds. In fact, if one owns a Montage or MODX, I don’t see the need for SEQTRAK unless you really dig its portability and workflow.

The FX section is a whole lot better. Yamaha included many of its latest “EDM-oriented” FX like spiralizer, multiband compressor (3-band), Uni Comp compressor, bit crusher, digital turntable, wave folder, etc. Bread and butter FX include the current crop of amp sims, VCM effects, and REV-X, SPX, HD reverbs. Yamaha did a good job here.

SEQTRAK has many function buttons on its side panels.

  • Left side: volume up/down, delete, mute, solo, page, play
  • Rear: bar length, octave, scale, key, record sample, undo/redo, clear FX
  • Front: sound design page, FX page
  • Right: BPM up/down, swing, project

That’s a lot of special purpose buttons to remember. Fortunately, the printed legends are clear. (I prefer the orange/grey model for that reason.) External connections are made on the right end panel: phones, audio IN, MIDI, and USB-C.

The big list of parameters and modes is the “Index”, which replaces any kind of LCD or OLED screen. Yamaha saved money here. A “global meter” is right next to the index showing parameter values and load/save status. The meter indicates key scale (minor, major, etc.) and root key. You’ll need a cheat sheet nearby to know what’s selected.

You can select a sampling source (MIC, audio IN, USB, resampling) and assign incoming samples to the synth keys for playback. Sampling does auto-normalization (if configured), but there’s not much else for sample editing in the native hardware. I didn’t see any ability to assign a sample across the synth keys.

The sound design section lets you adjust the most common, basic parameters: pan, volume, AEG attack (decay/release), filter cutoff and resonance, FX sends, etc. Look to the SEQTRAK app for deep editing.

I noticed that some functions in the SEQTRAK User Guide are marked “[OS V1.10]”. A reasonable inference is that SEQTRAK got a major functional update during its long gestation period.

Copyright © 2024 Paul J. Drongowski

NAMM 2024: Yamaha SEQTRAK Ideastation

Remember, folks, you saw it here first in October 2023. 🙂

As I mentioned way back when, Yamaha SEQTRAK™ comes in two color schemes: black and orange/grey. Yamaha did a decent job on the price: $599 USD (MSRP) and $399 USD (MAP). It’s available for pre-order at on-line retailers.

The front panel is divided into three sections: Drums (left), synth and sampler (middle) and sound design/effects (left). (Click image to zoom in.)

The Interwebs are absolutely plastered with Yamaha SEQTRAK news, so there isn’t any need for a long screed. Just the facts:

  • Four track types: Dum, synth, DX and sampler
  • Eleven tracks: 7 Drum, 2 AWM2 synth, 1 FM synth, 1 sampler track
  • Eight (8) projects
  • 128 sequencer steps
  • Two AWM2 synth engines (128-note polyphony total)
  • One 4-op FM synth engine (polyphony: 8)
  • 2,032 preset voices
  • Built-in sampler (44.1kHz, 16-bit)
  • A/D input (stereo 3.5mm mini jack)
  • Built-in speaker (1W 2.3cm) and microphone (MEMS)
  • AUX audio IN (3.5mm mini jack)
  • USB-C power MIDI to host, MIDI to device, and audio
  • Bluetooth MIDI and Wi-Fi (for big data like WAV)
  • Headphone output (stereo mini jack)
  • MIDI IN/OUT using the included converter cable
  • Internal rechargeable Li-Ion battery (estimated life: 3-4 hours)
  • 13.5″W x 3.8″D x 1.5″H, 1.1 pounds (0.5kg)

SEQTRAK is positioned as an anyplace, anywhere, all-in-one music-making production tool. Yamaha are calling it the “Mobile Music Ideastation”. It is supported by the SEQTRAK app which adds more functions: Visualizer (visual effects), hands-on tutorial and so forth. Detailed sound-editing depends upon the app.

Wonder if they will trademark “Ideastation”?

Here is the SEQTRAK Walkthrough video. In the end, it comes down to workflow and sound. I don’t think Yamaha are breaking new ground with AWM2 and FM, tho’. Kinda tame.

For once, Yamaha got smart and announced a major product just before NAMM. (NAMM 2024 starts Thursday, January 25, 2024). Maybe the early announcement will overcome the big yawn of Prince’s purple piano and flagging NAMM attendance?

Oh, yeah, here’s the spy photo one more time…

Copyright © 2023 Paul J. Drongowski

NAMM 2024: In sight

It’s that time of year again! NAMM 2024 starts January 25th.

Unlike 2023, the run-up to NAMM 2024 is much shorter. Fewer manufacturers have pre-announced new products.

The daikaiju (Yamaha, Korg, Roland) rolled out a number of major products during the pre-holiday period:

And that’s just a partial list! It’s like the post-pandemic floodgates opened.

Given the out-pouring of goodies over the last year, I don’t expect NAMM 2024 to be super exciting as far as keyboard announcements are concerned.

Yamaha — in particular — has upgraded nearly every major product line. It will be a year, two or three before we see follow-on products to the new flagships. However, I think Yamaha will have a few major announcements at NAMM 2024. Given Yamaha’s secrecy, I’m guessing. [All pundits should be so honest. 🙂 ]

Last year was Clavinova’s 40th anniversary and Yamaha rolled out the CSP 200 series and the CVP 900 series. The CVP 900s are an incremental spiff of the CVP 800 series. The CVP spiff reminds me of Yamaha’s final kiss to the PSR-S series when Yamaha said “good-bye” with the PSR-S975 spiff (“the ultimate S-series arranger”). Having hands-on experience with the CSP Smart Piano line, I’m going to make a bold prediction — CVP is end-of-life. Too expensive and too ugly for a living room. I see Yamaha expanding the P-S500 touch panel concept into a very clean and elegant parlor room auto-accompaniment instrument.

With CSP and CVP accounted for, whither CLP? NAMM 2024. I’d like to see CLP 800 series add the pianos included in Montage M and Genos2: cinematic piano, character piano, felt piano, U3 upright and so on. The upper end 700s have period piano instruments; it’s time to get modern. Will we see Yamaha’s new magnetic induction contactless sensing? It’s time for that tech to trickle down from the AvantGrands.

Moving on from keys, I expect to see the Yamaha SEQTRAK™ groove box or “Music Production Studio” — finally. “SEQTRAK” is the only remaining product name from last Fall’s accidental spill. No doubt, Yamaha have watched others cash-in on the beat production craze, notably Teenage Engineering printing money with the wide-margin OP-1.

The SEQTRAK is about the size of a QWERTY keyboard and cops some teenage attitude in form and color. I expect an on-board sequencer, two synth channels, a sampler, Cubase integration, and a ton of content. Yamaha have been working on this product for quite some time and it needs to begin earning back its development money.

KORG and Raspberry Pi

The Raspberry Pi Foundation have included KORG synthesizers in its collection of Raspberry Pi success stories.

KORG is a company that consistently punches above its weight in sales and size. They achieve this efficiency by exploiting off-the-shelf technology like the Raspberry Pi Compute Module. Raspberry Pi is committed to the kind of long-term roadmap that gives potential adopters confidence and stability.

The customer case study (PDF) focuses on KORG’s adoption and use of the Raspberry Pi Compute Module 3. Enjoy the read!

Copyright © 2023 Paul J. Drongowski

New year, new piano

Happy New Year!

It’s been a pleasure to ring in the new year with a Yamaha CSP-170 Clavinova Smart Piano. If you’re not familiar with the CSPs, check out my articles about the CSP-100 series and the now current CSP-200 series.

In short, the CSP pianos combine Yamaha’s Clavinova piano technology, learning features (score display and playback, stream lights) and basic auto-accompaniment into a single traditional home piano form factor. The CSPs eschew a complicated user interface, opting for a minimalist, two-button front panel: power OFF/ON button, FUNCTION button, and volume slider.

First and foremost, CSPs are Yamaha digital pianos, as Yamaha likes to say. In this post, I concentrate on the CSP-170 as a home piano. I bought the CSP-170 at a close-out price as Yamaha was clearing inventory when Series 200 deliveries began.

Appearance

I rarely discuss an instrument’s physical appearance in much depth as synth and arranger front panels are “seen one, seen ’em all.” The CSP-170, however, sits in our high-traffic dining room. You can’t miss it!

Yamaha CSP-170 Smart Piano (matte black)

Our CSP-170 is the matte black model. The matte finish is the best match for our contemporary house. The matte black model costs a bit less than the polished ebony — not really a concern.

The CSP-170 looks like the traditional spinet piano — the old family piano that we ditched just before moving out West. The CSP-170 has attractive clean lines and fits into the contemporary styling of our home. As a piece of furniture, it is constructed solidly and feels like a quality instrument. Definitely a step up from Arius.

I originally considered a P-515 “portable” digital piano and stand. When Yamaha announced close-out pricing, it made sense to step up to the CSP-100 series. A P-515 on its stand is not as physically attractive or formal as the CSP. The CSP cabinet allows for a better more powerful sound system than the P-515 as well.

CSP-170? Heck, yeah.

The CSP-170 piano samples and playability are on par with the P-515. The main pianos are the Yamaha CFX and Bösendorfer Imperial. I played them both during my piano quest and I still enjoy playing them today.

I prefer the CSP-170 sound system over the P-515. The CSP-170 has bi-amplified speakers: woofers in a downward facing speaker box and mid/high ports left and right at chest level. The P-515, like many portables, has bi-amplified upward firing speakers. The P-515 sounds brighter due to the direct sound from its speakers. The CSP-170 sound field is similar to a spinet; the sound is indirect and takes some of the edge off the CFX. My only knock on the sound system — auto-accompaniment lacks air and sparkle. You won’t hear snappy snares.

I should note that I also play MODX and Genos, both through studio monitors. Thus, I’m used to a crisper sound for auto-accompaniment and percussion.

The CSP-170 provides plenty of volume. I don’t practice at thundering volume and setting the volume slider somewhere near the middle is adequate.

I’ve been playing the CSP-170 for one month, mainly piano. It is so convenient to push the ON switch and play. I can sneak in short playing sessions while waiting for my spouse to get ready for our daily walk, etc. The minimalist user interface is not an issue for quick play as one can select one of the main voices (CFX, Bösendorfer, Suitcase Rhodes, Wurli) by holding the FUNCTION button and hitting the appropriate key. I keep a function cheat-sheet on top of the piano for reference.

Full functionality requires the Yamaha Smart Pianist app. The app is handy, but most times, I haven’t needed it. I’ve tried a few of the Smart Pianist features: stream lights, score display, song and score playback, and auto-accompaniment. I’ll have more to say about them in future posts. So far, my only knock against them is the rather poor written documentation. Yamaha provides the bare minimum and neglects to explain certain notable features (e.g., adaptive styles). The written documentation understates the advanced capabilities built into the CSPs and the Smart Pianist app!

Smart Pianist Piano Room lets you set the lid position, brilliance, Virtual Resonance Modeling (VRM) and more. Once you get the desired piano tone, save all the settings in a Registration for recall later.

NWX keyboard action

I suspect that the CSP-170 is the last instrument which Yamaha will make with the Natural Wood Escapement (NWX) action. If you browse the forums, you’ll see all kinds of comments about NWX, or this, or that. My advice is to go out and play a variety of brands and actions. Then choose. Ignore “action trolls.”

I find the NWX to be smooth with a weight letting me control the piano sound — to play in a nuanced way. (It might not work for you and that’s OK.) The NWX does not trash my hands unlike GH3X, GHC and, yes, the new GEX Montage M8X keyboard. When you try and test, be sure to play for an extended period of time. Then ask, “How do my hands feel?” NWX passed this test for me several times over.

Dealers provide a valuable service in this regard. It took me months and multiple playing sessions to arrive at my choice. Be sure to patronize the dealers who help you out even if the price is a little higher. They’ve earned it.

Summing up

Would I buy the CSP-170 again? At the close-out price ($3,600 USD), absolutely. The CSP-200 series models have a number of improvements (GrandTouch, more voices, more styles, both CFX and Bösendorfer binaural) at a higher price. If you try an NWX (maybe a P-515?) or a GH3X and you like it, there are still CSP-100 series pianos available at close-out pricing. It’s first come, first served, limited quantity only.

Yamaha would need to completely blow me away with the CLP-800 series in order to get me to upgrade. Seriously, I’m good.

Copyright © 2023 Paul J. Drongowski

Genos2: Behind the scenes video

Yamaha’s Genos2 Story – Behind the scene video is now available on Youtube.

As you might expect, it’s a combination of useful, factual information and sales puffery. So, here is my summary of the actual informational content minus marketing B.S. 🙂

00:00:00 Introduction
00:00:04 Martin Harris, R&D Center London
00:03:41 Junichiro Murata, DMI Strategy Planning Group
00:05:25 Stefano Ivan Scarascia, Design Laboratory
00:06:20 Yoshiyuki Hirai, Mechanical Design Group
00:07:53 Ryuichi Izumi, Mechanical Design Group
00:08:29 Tomoya Michiba, Hardware Design Group
00:10:00 Martin Harris, R&D Center London
00:12:45 Kyoko Ohno, Sound Design Group
00:16:08 Taichi Hiyama, Sound Design Group
00:19:19 Ending

R&D Center London is an extension of the Sound Design Group in Japan.

The sound development process is roughly:

  • Planning which instruments and their playing techniques to develop
  • Sampling using different microphones and articulations
  • Mix-down from the different microphones
  • Denoise the samples
  • Loop the samples
  • Map the samples to the keyboard
  • Sound design (tweak voice parameters, add DSP effects, etc.)

New samples in Genos2: pianos, electric pianos, brass, tuned percussion, orchestral percussion and more. More layers, longer time before a loop.

Genos2 adds Style Dynamic Control: Full energy control over auto-accompaniment. Dynamically adjusts both velocity and volume.

Tilted the main screen to improve visibility by the user. Mitigate sun glare using anti-reflective film. Added LED lights to see the slider position on a dark stage. 360-degree rotating knobs use the set values as the starting point for control. Slider catch function to prevent jumps in value.

Industrial design: Try to adhere to the graceful lines of the original design. Increase visibility of the main screen and subdisplay.

Different shapes and coatings. Increase quality. The biggest problem in mechanical design is to accommodate the protrusions on the upper case (necessitated by the tilted displays). The case is created using two large molds. The top and bottom must be carefully aligned.

The LED lenses are designed to minimize light loss. The lens shape is optimized on the order of 0.1mm and allows light to disperse efficiently.

Electronic design of the audio output required a lot of experimentation. They tried so many different components, they wore out (broke) the PCB! The goal is to present the internal waveforms faithfully without distortion (good trackability). Designs are evaluated by listening and electrical analysis. Listening was performed in venues of different sized. Genos2 includes an USB audio interface.

FM synthesis adds dynamic capabilities. FM has seemless dynamic curve.

When the Yamaha LSI (SWP70) was designed, they wanted multi-timbral tone generation using both AWM and FM voices together to generate sounds.

Super Articulation and Super Articulation 2. SA2 voices use Articulation Element Modeling (AEM) tone generation. [SA2 demonstration] The SA2 voices were almost all recorded in Japan. To honor Japan, the team added Shakuhachi. The acoustic instrument tone seems to be constantly in motion, posing a challenge for sound design. You need to leave the original instruments flavor in the voice without making it intrusive.

Every waveform is evaluated for quality (technical check): presence of noise in the waveform or deficiencies in timbre, style, or voice parameters. Then, the waveform is evaluated musically, i.e., is the processed waveform musically natural? The behavior of an instrument must be realistically reproduced. Finally, there is a consistency check: Do the timbre and style data work together consistently.

Sound designers consider the musical genres to be played. A voice must perform musically whether its played by a musician or an auto-accompaniment style — even when the musician uses the voice in an unexpected way. Playing techniques are taken into consideration to determine the articulates to be sampled.

Genos2 waveform memory is big. It allows all 88 piano notes to be sampled. A little bit of noise in each note adds realism.

The new Genos2 drum samples leave more atmospheric components (a kind of noise) in the sound. A key decision is how much “noise” to leave in.

Copyright © 2023 Paul J. Drongowski